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GYN > Ovarian Pathologies > Flashcards

Ovarian Pathologies Flashcards

1
Q

Follicular cyst:

Symptoms

A

(functional cyst)

asymptomatic, dull adnexal pressure/pain, delay in menstruation

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2
Q

Follicular cyst:

Sonographic Appearacne

A

thin walled, translucent, watery filled

simple cyst description

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3
Q

Corpus Luteual cyst:

Sonographic Appearance

A

(functional cyst)

simple cyst description, may have internal echoes

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4
Q

Hemorrhagic cyst:

Symptoms

A

(functional cyst)

acute onset of pelvic pain

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5
Q

Hemorrhagic cyst:

Sonographic Appearance

A

hyperechoic, smooth posterior wall, posterior enhancement

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6
Q

Theca-Lutein Cysts:

Sonographic Appearance

A

(functional cyst)

bilateral, multiloculated, large

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7
Q

Theca-Lutein Cysts:

Symptoms

A

high HCG levels, nausea, vomiting

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8
Q

Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome:

Symptoms

A

in mild form:
pelvic discomfort
severe form:
severe pelvic pain, abdominal distention

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9
Q

Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome:

Sonographic Appearance

A

in mild form:
enlarged ovaries (<5cm in diameter)
in severe form:
notably enlarged ovaries (>10cm in diameter), ascites, pleural effusion, numerous large thin walled cysts throughout periphery

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10
Q

**Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome:

Symptoms

A

triad: oligoovulation (ovulates once in a while), hyperandrogenism, polycystic ovaries

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11
Q

**Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome:

Sonographic Appearance

A

multiple tiny cysts around periphery of ovary: “String of Pearls”, ovary may be normal or enlarged

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12
Q

What is another name for the focal form of Endometriosis?

A

endometrioma

“chocolate cyst”

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13
Q

Endometrioma:

Symptoms

A

cyclic pain (peak 2 days before menses), metrorrhea, dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia (especially with deep penetration)

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14
Q

Endometrioma:

Sonographic Appearance

A

well defined, commonly unilocular, homogeneous, low-level internal echoes

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15
Q

Paraovarian Cysts:

Symptoms

A

asymptomatic unless torsion

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16
Q

Paraovarian Cysts:

Sonographic Appearance

A

simple cyst adjacent to ovary

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17
Q

Ovarian Torsion:

Symptoms

A

acute severe unilateral pain, fever, nausea, vomiting, palpable mass

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18
Q

Ovarian Torsion:

Sonographic Appearance

A

enlarged, edematous ovary, “string of pearls”, free fluid in pelvis, absent Doppler flow

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19
Q

**What is the number one cause of death in neoplasms?

A

ovarian carcinoma

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20
Q

**What is the fourth leading cancer death?

A

ovarian carcinoma

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21
Q

**Who has a greater incidence of developing ovarian cancer?

A

females with a personal or family history of breast or colon cancer
Obesity is also a risk factor

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22
Q

**Ovarian Carcinoma:

Symptoms

A

vague abdominal pain, swelling, indigestion, frequent urination, constipation, weight change due to ascites
symptomless in early stages of disease

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23
Q

**Ovarian Carcinoma:

Sonographic Appearance

A

cystic mass with solid components, ascites, unilateral, enlarged ovaries

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24
Q

Mucinous Cystadenoma:

Symptoms

A

(epithelial tumor)

pressure, pain, increased abdominal girth

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25
Q

Mucinous Cystadenoma:

Sonographic Appearance

A

simple/septate thin walled multilocular cysts, internal echoes, unilateral

26
Q

Mucinous Cystadenocarcinoma:

Symptoms

A

(epithelial tumor)

pelvic pressure, pain when ruptured

27
Q

Mucinous Cystadenocarcinoma:

Sonographic Appearance

A

ascites, thick irregular walls and septations

28
Q

Sereous Cystadenoma:

Symptoms

A

(epithelial tumor)

pelvic pressure, bloating

29
Q

Sereous Cystadenoma:

Sonographic Appearance

A

multilocular cyst, may have nodule

30
Q

Sereous Cystadenocarcinoma:

Symptoms

A

(epithelial tumor)

pelvic fullness, bloating, ascites

31
Q

Sereous Cystadenocarcinoma:

Sonographic Appearance

A

cystic structures with septations and/or papillary projections, internal/external papillomas

32
Q

What are all the epithelial tumors?

A

mucinous cystadenoma, mucinous cystadenocarcinoma, sereous cystadenoma, sereous cystadenocarcinoma

33
Q

What are all the functional cysts?

A

follicular cyst, corpus luteum cyst, hemorrhagic cyst, theca-lutein cysts

34
Q

What is another name for dermoids?

A

cystic mature teratoma

35
Q

Dermoids:

Symptoms

A

(germ cell tumor)

asymptomatic, abdominal pain, enlargement and pressure

36
Q

Dermoids:

Sonographic Appearance

A

complex, echogenic components, acoustic shadowing due to dermoid plug, fat-fluid level

37
Q

What is the most common ovarian neoplasm?

A

dermoid cyst

38
Q

Immature teratomas are…

A

cancerous and small

39
Q

What are the most common ovarian neoplasms seen in pregnancy?

A

dysgerminoma and serous cystadenoma

40
Q

Fibroma:

Sonographic Appearance

A

unilateral, hypoechoic mass, posterior attenuation, ascites

41
Q

What is the most common hormone-active estrogenic tumor of the ovary?

A

granulosa

42
Q

Granulosa:

Symptoms

A

precocious puberty, vaginal bleeding, full breasts

pain, pressure, fullness

43
Q

Granulosa:

Sonographic Appearance

A

low level homogeneous echoes

if torsion: multilocular cyst containing blood/fluid

44
Q

What are the two main stromal tumors?

A

fibroma, granulosa

45
Q

What are all the stromal tumors?

A

granulosa cell tumor, thecoma, fibroma, androblastoma

46
Q

Where can metastatic cancer arise from?

A

breast, upper GI tract, other pelvic organs

47
Q

What is the least common gynecologic malignancies?

A

carcinoma of the fallopian tube

48
Q

Metastatic Disease:

Sonographic Appearance

A

bilateral, ascites, solid or solid with moth-eaten cystic pattern (occurs when necrotic)

49
Q

Which ovary is three times more likely to torse?

A

right ovary

50
Q

What are the demographics for mucinous cystadenoma?

A

found in women 13-45 years old

51
Q

What are the demographics for mucinous cystadenocarcinoma?

A

frequently occurs in women 40-70 years old

52
Q

What is the second most common benign tumor of the ovary?

A

serous cystadenoma, only after dermoid cyst

53
Q

**What is the most common malignancy in young females of 16-20 years old?

A

immature teratomas

54
Q

**What is totipotent?

A

the ability to give rise to any human tissue

55
Q

What is the “crescent sign”?

A

normal ovarian tissue adjacent to a benign cystic teratoma

signifies a benign tumor

56
Q

Corpus luteum cyst:

Symptoms

A

irregular menses, pain (can rupture)

mimic ectopic pregnancy

57
Q

What are the differential diagnoses for a cystic or homogeneous ovarian mass?

A

follicular cyst, corpus luteum cyst of pregnancy, cystic teratoma, paraovarian cyst, hydrosalpinx, endometrioma, hemorrhagic cyst

58
Q

What are the differential diagnoses for a solid mass?

A

solid teratoma, adenocarcinoma, arrhenoblastoma, fibroma, dysgerminoma, torsion

59
Q

What are the differential diagnoses for a complex mass?

A

cystadenoma, dermoid cyst, TOA, ectopic pregnancy, granulosa cell tumor

60
Q

What are the most common solid tumors?

A

serous cystadenoma and serous cystadenocarcinoma

GYN (4 decks)

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