Uterine Involution

Question 1

What is uterine involution?

Answer 1

Reparir of the endometrium, Reduction in uterine size and Expulsion of lochia

Question 2

How is lochia removed?

Answer 2

Myometrial contractions
Peristaltic waves towards cervix discharge of fluid/tissue debris and compress vasculature
Stimulated by oxytocin and PGF2a

Question 3

How is uterine size restored?

Answer 3

Co-ordinated atrophy -

Reduction in myometrial cell size

Question 4

What is the second cleansing?

Answer 4

Blood-tinged and Odourless lochia with remnants of fetal placenta and endometrial tissue

Question 5

When does caruncular sloughing occur?

Answer 5

Day 5-10

Known as ‘stubs’

Question 6

How fast is uterine involution in the mare?

Answer 6

Relatively small lochia, Dark brown, odourless and usually ceases after 1-2 days
Maternal crypts undergo autolysis and shrinkage and are normal by day 14

Question 7

How long does uterine repair take in the beef cow, when is ovarian activity resumed?

Answer 7

30d repair

50-60d

Question 8

How long does uterine repair take in the dairy cow, when is ovarian activity resumed?

Answer 8

45-50d repair

18-25 d

Question 9

How long does uterine repair take in the bitch, when is ovarian activity resumed?

Answer 9

90d repair

135 d

Question 10

How long does uterine repair take in the ewe, when is ovarian activity resumed?

Answer 10

30d repair

180d

Question 11

How long does uterine repair take in the mare, when is ovarian activity resumed?

Answer 11

21-28d repair

5-12d

Question 12

How long does uterine repair take in the queen, when is ovarian activity resumed?

Answer 12

30d repair

Induced so variable.

Question 13

How long does uterine repair take in the sow, when is ovarian activity resumed?

Answer 13

28-30d

5-7d after weaning

Question 14

Describe the two lochia of the bitch

Answer 14

1st lochia is Immediate: green
D1-3 PP: Red and watery, then mucoid appearance

2nd lochia is 4-6 weeks later

Question 15

Why are females exposed to a high risk of bacterial infection during parturition? How is this reduced?

Answer 15

During parturition the cervix is dilated and non sterile, this can lead to bacterial contamination.
This risk of contamination is decreased with myometrial contractions, but phagocytosis by leukocytes is promoted by oestradiol

Question 16

Should an animal become infected post- parturition what effect will this have?

Answer 16

should an animal become infected it will then subsequently cause:
Endometritis
Prolonged uterine involution
Delayed return to cyclicity
Delayed reestablishment of pregnancy

Question 17

What is Endometritis AKA whites?

Answer 17

Persistent infection (>3 weeks) causing Inflammation of the endometrium
Opportunistic pathogens such as Trueperella pyogenes and fusobacterium colonise
High incidence (up to 25% of all cows)

Question 18

In cows pituitary refactoriness to GnRH, FSH secretion and follicular wave emergence occurs at day …………. PP

Answer 18

5-10

Question 19

In the cow by day ……………… Increasing sensitivity to GnRH leads to LH secretion and Ovulation (silent oestrus)

Answer 19

10-20 PP