USPSTF Screening Recommendations

Question 1

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: Screening: men aged 65 to 75 years who have ever smoked

Answer 1

The USPSTF recommends 1-time screening for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) with ultrasonography in men aged 65 to 75 years who have ever smoked.

Question 2

Aspirin Use to Prevent Cardiovascular Disease and Colorectal Cancer: Preventive Medication: adults aged 50 to 59 years with a 10% or greater 10-year CVD risk

Answer 2

The USPSTF recommends initiating low-dose aspirin use for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and colorectal cancer (CRC) in adults aged 50 to 59 years who have a 10% or greater 10-year CVD risk, are not at increased risk for bleeding, have a life expectancy of at least 10 years, and are willing to take low-dose aspirin daily for at least 10 years.

Question 3

Aspirin Use to Prevent Preeclampsia and Related Morbidity and Mortality: Preventive Medication: pregnant persons at high risk for preeclampsia

Answer 3

The USPSTF recommends the use of low-dose aspirin (81 mg/day) as preventive medication after 12 weeks of gestation in persons who are at high risk for preeclampsia.

Question 4

Asymptomatic Bacteriuria in Adults: Screening: pregnant persons

Answer 4

The USPSTF recommends screening for asymptomatic bacteriuria using urine culture in pregnant persons.

Question 5

BRCA-Related Cancer: Risk Assessment, Genetic Counseling, and Genetic Testing: women with a personal or family history of breast, ovarian, tubal, or peritoneal cancer or an ancestry associated with brca1/2 gene mutation

Answer 5

The USPSTF recommends that primary care clinicians assess women with a personal or family history of breast, ovarian, tubal, or peritoneal cancer or who have an ancestry associated with breast cancer susceptibility 1 and 2 (BRCA1/2) gene mutations with an appropriate brief familial risk assessment tool. Women with a positive result on the risk assessment tool should receive genetic counseling and, if indicated after counseling, genetic testing.

Question 6

Breast Cancer: Medication Use to Reduce Risk: women at increased risk for breast cancer aged 35 years or older

Answer 6

The USPSTF recommends that clinicians offer to prescribe risk-reducing medications, such as tamoxifen, raloxifene, or aromatase inhibitors, to women who are at increased risk for breast cancer and at low risk for adverse medication effects.

Question 7

Breast Cancer: Screening: women aged 50 to 74 years

Answer 7

The USPSTF recommends biennial screening mammography for women aged 50 to 74 years.

The decision to start screening with mammography in women prior to age 50 years should be an individual one. Women who place a higher value on the potential benefit than the potential harms may choose to begin screening once every two years between the ages of 40 and 49 years

Question 8

Cervical Cancer: Screening: women aged 21 to 65 years

Answer 8

The USPSTF recommends screening for cervical cancer every 3 years with cervical cytology alone in women aged 21 to 29 years. For women aged 30 to 65 years, the USPSTF recommends screening every 3 years with cervical cytology alone, every 5 years with high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) testing alone, or every 5 years with hrHPV testing in combination with cytology (cotesting).

Question 9

Chlamydia and Gonorrhea: Screening: sexually active women, including pregnant persons

Answer 9

The USPSTF recommends screening for chlamydia in all sexually active women 24 years or younger and in women 25 years or older who are at increased risk for infection.

Question 10

Colorectal Cancer: Screening: adults aged 45 to 49 years

Answer 10

The USPSTF recommends screening for colorectal cancer in adults aged 45 to 49 years.

Question 11

Colorectal Cancer: Screening: adults aged 50 to 75 years

Answer 11

The USPSTF recommends screening for colorectal cancer in all adults aged 50 to 75 years

Question 12

Dental Caries in Children from Birth Through Age 5 Years: Screening: children from birth through age 5 years

Answer 12

The USPSTF recommends that primary care clinicians prescribe oral fluoride supplementation starting at age 6 months for children whose water supply is deficient in fluoride.

Question 13

Depression in Adults: Screening: general adult population, including pregnant and postpartum women

Answer 13

The USPSTF recommends screening for depression in the general adult population, including pregnant and postpartum women. Screening should be implemented with adequate systems in place to ensure accurate diagnosis, effective treatment, and appropriate follow-up.

Question 14

Depression in Children and Adolescents: Screening: adolescents aged 12 to 18 years

Answer 14

The USPSTF recommends screening for major depressive disorder (MDD) in adolescents aged 12 to 18 years. Screening should be implemented with adequate systems in place to ensure accurate diagnosis, effective treatment, and appropriate follow-up.

Question 15

Falls Prevention in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Interventions: adults 65 years or older

Answer 15

The USPSTF recommends exercise interventions to prevent falls in community-dwelling adults 65 years or older who are at increased risk for falls.

Question 16

Folic Acid for the Prevention of Neural Tube Defects: Preventive Medication: women who are planning or capable of pregnancy

Answer 16

The USPSTF recommends that all women who are planning or capable of pregnancy take a daily supplement containing 0.4 to 0.8 mg (400 to 800 µg) of folic acid.

Question 17

Gestational Diabetes: Screening: asymptomatic pregnant persons at 24 weeks of gestation or after

Answer 17

The USPSTF recommends screening for gestational diabetes in asymptomatic pregnant persons at 24 weeks of gestation or after.

Question 18

Healthy Diet and Physical Activity for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Adults With Cardiovascular Risk Factors: Behavioral Counseling Interventions: adults with cardiovascular disease risk factors

Answer 18

The USPSTF recommends offering or referring adults with cardiovascular disease risk factors to behavioral counseling interventions to promote a healthy diet and physical activity.

Question 19

Healthy Weight and Weight Gain In Pregnancy: Behavioral Counseling Interventions: pregnant persons

Answer 19

The USPSTF recommends that clinicians offer pregnant persons effective behavioral counseling interventions aimed at promoting healthy weight gain and preventing excess gestational weight gain in pregnancy.

Question 20

Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Adolescents and Adults: Screening: adolescents and adults at increased risk for infection

Answer 20

The USPSTF recommends screening for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in adolescents and adults at increased risk for infection. See the Practice Considerations section for a description of adolescents and adults at increased risk for infection.

Question 21

Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Pregnant Women: Screening: pregnant women

Answer 21

The USPSTF recommends screening for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in pregnant women at their first prenatal visit

Question 22

Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Adolescents and Adults: Screening: adults aged 18 to 79 years

Answer 22

The USPSTF recommends screening for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in adults aged 18 to 79 years.

Question 23

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection: Screening: adolescents and adults aged 15 to 65 years

Answer 23

The USPSTF recommends that clinicians screen for HIV infection in adolescents and adults aged 15 to 65 years. Younger adolescents and older adults who are at increased risk of infection should also be screened.

Question 24

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection: Screening: pregnant persons

Answer 24

The USPSTF recommends that clinicians screen for HIV infection in all pregnant persons, including those who present in labor or at delivery whose HIV status is unknown.

Question 25

Hypertension in Adults: Screening: adults 18 years or older without known hypertension

Answer 25

The USPSTF recommends screening for hypertension in adults 18 years or older with office blood pressure measurement (OBPM). The USPSTF recommends obtaining blood pressure measurements outside of the clinical setting for diagnostic confirmation before starting treatment.

Question 26

Intimate Partner Violence, Elder Abuse, and Abuse of Vulnerable Adults: Screening: women of reproductive age

Answer 26

The USPSTF recommends that clinicians screen for intimate partner violence (IPV) in women of reproductive age and provide or refer women who screen positive to ongoing support services.

Question 27

Latent Tuberculosis Infection: Screening: asymptomatic adults at increased risk for infection

Answer 27

The USPSTF recommends screening for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in populations at increased risk.

Question 28

Lung Cancer: Screening: adults aged 50 to 80 years who have a 20 pack-year smoking history and currently smoke or have quit within the past 15 years

Answer 28

The USPSTF recommends annual screening for lung cancer with low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) in adults aged 50 to 80 years who have a 20 pack-year smoking history and currently smoke or have quit within the past 15 years. Screening should be discontinued once a person has not smoked for 15 years or develops a health problem that substantially limits life expectancy or the ability or willingness to have curative lung surgery.

Question 29

Obesity in Children and Adolescents: Screening: children and adolescents 6 years and older

Answer 29

The USPSTF recommends that clinicians screen for obesity in children and adolescents 6 years and older and offer or refer them to comprehensive, intensive behavioral interventions to promote improvements in weight status.

Question 30

Ocular Prophylaxis for Gonococcal Ophthalmia Neonatorum: Preventive Medication: newborns

Answer 30

The USPSTF recommends prophylactic ocular topical medication for all newborns to prevent gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum.

Question 31

Osteoporosis to Prevent Fractures: Screening: postmenopausal women younger than 65 years at increased risk of osteoporosis

Answer 31

The USPSTF recommends screening for osteoporosis with bone measurement testing to prevent osteoporotic fractures in postmenopausal women younger than 65 years who are at increased risk of osteoporosis, as determined by a formal clinical risk assessment tool. See the Clinical Considerations section for information on risk assessment.

Question 32

Osteoporosis to Prevent Fractures: Screening: women 65 years and older

Answer 32

The USPSTF recommends screening for osteoporosis with bone measurement testing to prevent osteoporotic fractures in women 65 years and older.

Question 33

Perinatal Depression: Preventive Interventions: pregnant and postpartum persons

Answer 33

The USPSTF recommends that clinicians provide or refer pregnant and postpartum persons who are at increased risk of perinatal depression to counseling interventions.

Question 34

Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes: Screening: asymptomatic adults aged 35 to 70 years who have overweight or obesity

Answer 34

The USPSTF recommends screening for prediabetes and type 2 diabetes in adults aged 35 to 70 years who have overweight or obesity. Clinicians should offer or refer patients with prediabetes to effective preventive interventions

Question 35

Preeclampsia: Screening: pregnant woman

Answer 35

The USPSTF recommends screening for preeclampsia in pregnant women with blood pressure measurements throughout pregnancy.

Question 36

Prevention of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection: Preexposure Prophylaxis: persons at high risk of hiv acquisition

Answer 36

The USPSTF recommends that clinicians offer preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) with effective antiretroviral therapy to persons who are at high risk of HIV acquisition.

Question 37

Rh(D) Incompatibility: Screening: pregnant women, during the first pregnancy-related care visit

Answer 37

The USPSTF strongly recommends Rh(D) blood typing and antibody testing for all pregnant women during their first visit for pregnancy-related care.

Question 38

Rh(D) Incompatibility: Screening: unsensitized rh(d)-negative pregnant women

Answer 38

The USPSTF recommends repeated Rh(D) antibody testing for all unsensitized Rh(D)-negative women at 24 to 28 weeks’ gestation, unless the biological father is known to be Rh(D)-negative.

Question 39

Sexually Transmitted Infections: Behavioral Counseling: sexually active adolescents and adults at increased risk

Answer 39

The USPSTF recommends behavioral counseling for all sexually active adolescents and for adults who are at increased risk for sexually transmitted infections (STIs). See the Practice Considerations section for more information on populations at increased risk for acquiring STIs.

Question 40

Skin Cancer Prevention: Behavioral Counseling: young adults, adolescents, children, and parents of young children

Answer 40

The USPSTF recommends counseling young adults, adolescents, children, and parents of young children about minimizing exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation for persons aged 6 months to 24 years with fair skin types to reduce their risk of skin cancer.

Question 41

Statin Use for the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Adults: Preventive Medication: adults aged 40 to 75 years with no history of cvd, 1 or more cvd risk factors, and a calculated 10-year cvd event risk of 10% or greater

Answer 41

The USPSTF recommends that adults without a history of cardiovascular disease (CVD) (ie, symptomatic coronary artery disease or ischemic stroke) use a low- to moderate-dose statin for the prevention of CVD events and mortality when all of the following criteria are met: 1) they are aged 40 to 75 years; 2) they have 1 or more CVD risk factors (ie, dyslipidemia, diabetes, hypertension, or smoking); and 3) they have a calculated 10-year risk of a cardiovascular event of 10% or greater. Identification of dyslipidemia and calculation of 10-year CVD event risk requires universal lipids screening in adults aged 40 to 75 years.

Question 42

Syphilis Infection in Nonpregnant Adults and Adolescents: Screening : asymptomatic, nonpregnant adults and adolescents who are at increased risk for syphilis infection

Answer 42

The USPSTF recommends screening for syphilis infection in persons who are at increased risk for infection.

Question 43

Syphilis Infection in Pregnant Women: Screening: pregnant women

Answer 43

The USPSTF recommends early screening for syphilis infection in all pregnant women.

Question 44

Tobacco Smoking Cessation in Adults, Including Pregnant Persons: Interventions: nonpregnant adults

Answer 44

The USPSTF recommends that clinicians ask all adults about tobacco use, advise them to stop using tobacco, and provide behavioral interventions and US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)–approved pharmacotherapy for cessation to nonpregnant adults who use tobacco.

Question 45

Tobacco Smoking Cessation in Adults, Including Pregnant Persons: Interventions: pregnant persons

Answer 45

The USPSTF recommends that clinicians ask all pregnant persons about tobacco use, advise them to stop using tobacco, and provide behavioral interventions for cessation to pregnant persons who use tobacco.

Question 46

Tobacco Use in Children and Adolescents: Primary Care Interventions: school-aged children and adolescents who have not started to use tobacco

Answer 46

The USPSTF recommends that primary care clinicians provide interventions, including education or brief counseling, to prevent initiation of tobacco use among school-aged children and adolescents.

Question 47

Unhealthy Alcohol Use in Adolescents and Adults: Screening and Behavioral Counseling Interventions: adults 18 years or older, including pregnant women

Answer 47

The USPSTF recommends screening for unhealthy alcohol use in primary care settings in adults 18 years or older, including pregnant women, and providing persons engaged in risky or hazardous drinking with brief behavioral counseling interventions to reduce unhealthy alcohol use.

Question 48

Unhealthy Drug Use: Screening: adults age 18 years or older

Answer 48

The USPSTF recommends screening by asking questions about unhealthy drug use in adults age 18 years or older. Screening should be implemented when services for accurate diagnosis, effective treatment, and appropriate care can be offered or referred. (Screening refers to asking questions about unhealthy drug use, not testing biological specimens.)

Question 49

Vision in Children Ages 6 Months to 5 Years: Screening: children aged 3 to 5 years

Answer 49

The USPSTF recommends vision screening at least once in all children aged 3 to 5 years to detect amblyopia or its risk factors.

Question 50

Weight Loss to Prevent Obesity-Related Morbidity and Mortality in Adults: Behavioral Interventions: adults

Answer 50

The USPSTF recommends that clinicians offer or refer adults with a body mass index (BMI) of 30 or higher (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared) to intensive, multicomponent behavioral interventions.