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Odds and Ends > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

Treatment for M. pneumoniae

A

azithromycin

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2
Q

Which ß blocker is contraindicated in pregnancy?

A

atenolol - associated with low birth weight

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3
Q

Metronidazole has good [] coverage.

A

Metronidazole has good obligate anaerobe coverage.

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4
Q

Ampicillin-sulbactam (Unasyn) and carbapenems have good [] coverage.

A

Ampicillin-sulbactam (Unasyn) and carbapenems have good obligate and facultative anaerobic coverage. Excellent pulmonary penetration.

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5
Q

Acute bacterial prostatitis treatment?

A

Levofloxacin or TMP-SMX (Bactrim).

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6
Q

Osteomyelitis treatment?

A

•usually S. aureus

-vancomycin or clindamycin

•if patient has SCD, could be S. aureus +/- Salmonella

  • vancomycin, clindamycin, oxacillin, nafcillin
  • 3rd generation cephalosporin: ceftriaxone or cefotaxime
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7
Q

amoxicillin + clavulonic acid =

A

Augmentin

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8
Q

ampicillin + sulbactam =

A

Unasyn

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9
Q

pipercillin + tazobactam =

A

Zosyn

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10
Q

Amoxicillin is (PO/IV) and ampicillin is (PO/IV).

A

Amoxicillin is PO and ampicillin is IV.

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11
Q

A possible complication of local epidural anesthetic?

A

Entering vasculatrue by accident leading to systemic toxicity.

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12
Q

Contraindications to fluoroquinilones?

A

•upregulate cell matrix metalloproteases –> increased collagen degradation

  • Achilles tendon rupture
  • retinal detachment
  • aortic aneurysm rupture

•don’t use with

  • HTN
  • EDS
  • Marfans
  • aortic aneurysm
  • atherosclerotic disease
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13
Q

Treatment for Candidiasis?

A

fluconazole

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14
Q

Treatment for HSV?

A

acyclovir

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15
Q

Treatment for CMV?

A

gancyclovir

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16
Q

First and second line treatments for ascites?

A

1) spironolactone
2) furosemide

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17
Q

Treatment for UC and Crohn’s?

A

•SASA agents

  • sulfasalazine
  • mesalamine
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18
Q

Treatment for diffuse esophageal spasm and achalasia?

A
  • CCBs
  • nitrates
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19
Q

Treatment for Carcinoid syndrome?

A

octreotide

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20
Q

Treatment for bleeding esophageal varices?

A

octreotide

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21
Q

Treatment for hepatic encephalopathy (hyperammonemia)?

A

rifaxamin

Rifaximin is a poorly absorbed antibiotic that is thought to reduce ammonia production by eliminating ammonia-producing colonic bacteria.

Rifaximin acts by inhibiting RNA synthesis in susceptible bacteria by binding to the beta-subunit of bacterial deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-dependent ribonucleic acid (RNA) polymerase enzyme. This binding blocks translocation, which stops transcription.

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22
Q

Treatment for Small Intestine Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO)?

A

rifaxamin

Rifaximin acts by inhibiting RNA synthesis in susceptible bacteria by binding to the beta-subunit of bacterial deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-dependent ribonucleic acid (RNA) polymerase enzyme. This binding blocks translocation, which stops transcription.

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23
Q

Treatment for IBS?

A

TCAs (amytriptyline)

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24
Q

Treatment for GERD and mild PUD?

A

•PPIs - short term

-omeprazole

•H2 receptor antagonists - long term

  • rantidine
  • cimetidine
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25
Q

Treatment for prophylactic gastritis?

A

PPIs

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26
Q

Treatment for ZE syndrome?

A

PPIs

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27
Q

Treatment for the pruritus associated with Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis and Primary Biliary Cholangitis?

A

ursodeoxycholic acid

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28
Q

Treatment for acute appendicitis?

A

cefazolin + metronidazole

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29
Q

Antibiotics for ascites?

A

3rd generation cephalosporins

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30
Q

Treament for H. pylori?

A

amoxicillin (or metronidazole) + clarithromycin + PPI

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31
Q

Treatment for MALT Lymphoma?

A

amoxiciilin (or metronidazole) + clarithromycin + PPI

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32
Q

Treatment for mesenteric ischemia?

A

broad spectrum antibiotics

  • metronidazole + fluroquinolone
  • metronidazole + 2nd, 3rd generation cephalosporin
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33
Q

Treatment for ischemic colitis?

A

broad spectrum antibiotics

  • metronidazole + fluroquinolone
  • metronidazole + 2nd, 3rd generation cephalosporin
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34
Q

Treatment for cholecystitis?

A

broad spectrum antibiotics

  • metronidazole + fluroquinolone
  • metronidazole + 2nd, 3rd generation cephalosporin
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35
Q

Mechanism by which antipsychotic meds can lead to hyperprolactimemia.

A

•dopamine blockade

-dopamine is a prolactin inhibitor

•prolactin seldom >200

-in prolactinomas, prolactin >200 and there are visual disturbances and headaches

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36
Q

Treatment for essential HTN?

A
  • thiazide diuretics
  • ACEi
  • ARB
  • dihydopyridine CCB
37
Q

Treatment of HTN with HF?

A
  • diuretics
  • ACEi/ARB
  • ß blockers (not for decompensated or cardiogenic shock)
  • aldosterone antagonists
38
Q

Treatment fo HTN with DM?

A
  • ACEi/ARB
  • CCB
  • thiazide diuretics
  • ß blocker
39
Q

Treatment of HTN with asthma?

A
  • ARB
  • CCB
  • thiazide diuretic
  • cardioselective ß blocker
40
Q

Treatment of HTN in pregnancy?

A
  • hydralazine
  • labetolol (not atenolol!)
  • methyldopa
  • nifedipine
41
Q

Treament of bradycardia?

A
  • atropine
  • pacemaker
42
Q

Treatment of atrial fibrillation?

A
  • anticoagulant
  • rate control
  • CCB
  • ß blocker
  • digoxin

•rhythm control

  • cardiovert
  • Class I, Class III
43
Q

Treatment for MAT?

A
  • anticoagulant
  • rate control
  • CCB
  • ß blocker
  • digoxin

•rhythm control

  • cardiovert
  • Class I, Class III
44
Q

Treatment for AVRT/AVRNT?

A
  • vagal maneuvers
  • adenosine
45
Q

Treatment for WPW?

A

•procainamide or amiodarone

46
Q

Treatment for PVC?

A

•ß blocker

47
Q

Treatment for VT?

A
  • amiodarone
  • lidocaine
  • procainamide
48
Q

Treatment for TdP?

A

•IV Mg2+

49
Q

Treatment for stable angina?

A
  • ASA
  • ß blocker
  • ACEi/ARB
  • statin
  • nitro

*ASA and ß blockers improve mortality!

50
Q

Treatment for Prinzmetal angina?

A
  • CCB
  • no ASA
  • no ß blocker
51
Q

Treatment for unstable angina/NSTEMI in the hospital?

A
  • morphine
  • nitrates
  • ASA + 2nd antiplatelet (continue for 12 months)
  • ß blocker (if HTN, tachycardic, LV <40%)
  • LMWH

-enoxaparin, no apixaban

52
Q

Treatment for unstable angina/NSTEMI long term?

A
  • ASA (2nd antiplatelet only for 12 months after hospitalization)
  • ß blocker
  • ACEi/ARB
  • statin
  • nitro
53
Q

Treatment for STEMI in hospital?

A
  • morphine
  • nitrates (not in RHF!)
  • ASA + 2nd antiplatelet (continue for 12 months)
  • ß blocker
  • LMWH
54
Q

Treatment for STEM

A
  • ASA (2nd antiplatelet only for 12 months after hospitalization)
  • ß blocker
  • ACEi/ARB
  • statin
  • nitro
55
Q

Treatment for HCM?

A
  • CCB
  • ß blocker
  • NO DIGOXIN OR SPIRONOLACTONE
56
Q

Treatment for acute HFREF?

A
  • loop diuretics
  • ACEi/ARB
  • dobutamine
  • morpine
  • nitrates
57
Q

Treatment for chronic HFREF?

A
  • ß blocker
  • ACEi/ARB
  • spironol;actone or eplerenone
  • loop diuretics
  • digoxin
  • statins and ASA (if MI)
  • sacubitril/valsartan (if continued dyspnea)
  • ivabradine (if ß blocker contraindicated)

*ß blockers, ACEi/ARB, spironolactone or eplerenone, sabubitril/valsartan imporve mortality!

58
Q

Treatment for HFpEF?

A
  • diuretics
  • ß blocker
  • ACEi/ARB
  • CCB
  • NO DIGOXIN OR SPIRONOLACTONE!

*ACEi/ARB, ß blocker, CCB maintain HR, BP control

59
Q

Treatment for HTN emergency?

A
  • nitroprusside
  • nicardipine
  • labetolol
60
Q

Treatment for HTN urgency?

A
  • ACEi
  • ß blocker
  • clonidine
61
Q

Treatment for native valve endocarditis?

A

• vancomycin or daptomycin 4-6 weeks

*acute

-S. aureus or S. pneumoniae

*subacute

-S. viridians

62
Q

Treatment for prosthetic valve endocarditis?

A

•<60 days

-vancomycin + cefepine

•in between

-vancomycin + gentamycin

•>365 days

-vancomycin + gentamycin + ceftriaxone

63
Q

Treatment for DVT?

A

•SQ LMWH

or

•IV unfractionated heparin

f/b warfarin or NOAC for 3-6 months

64
Q

Treatment for PAD?

A

•acute

-heparin + revascularization

•aspirin + statin

65
Q

Treatment for gonorrhea?

A

ceftriaxone

OR

fluoroquinolone (but not for pregnant women! Or pediatric population.)

66
Q

Treatment for chlamydia?

A

doxycycline for one week

OR

azithromycin once

67
Q

Which antidepressant is contraindicated in patients with bulimia?

A

bupropion

•increased risk of seizures

68
Q

Treatment for vulvovaginal candidiasis?

A

•single dose of oral fluconazole

or

•several days of miconazole or clotrimazole vaginal creams

69
Q

What is edrophonium and what is it good for?

A
  • acetylcholinesterase inhibitor
  • used to confirm the diagnosis of mysathenia gravis
  • fast and short acting, give patient some and if symptoms improve right away then diagnosis is confirmed
70
Q

Most common antibiotics for COPD exacerbation

A

amoxicillin, TMP-SMX, doxycycline

But you also need to give corticosteroids!

71
Q

Treatment for mild vWF deficiency?

A

Desmopressin - icreases the productionand release of vWF from endothelium

•more severe bleeding may require cryoprecipitate

72
Q

Treatment for acute gout flare?

A

NSAIDs, colchicine, steroids

73
Q
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74
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75
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76
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77
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78
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79
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80
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81
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82
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83
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84
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85
Q
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86
Q
A
87
Q

tacrolimus

A
  • calcineurin inhibitor
  • inhibits IL 2 to reduce T lymphocyte activity
  • solid organ transplant
  • SE: nephrotoxicity, HTN, glucose intolerance
88
Q

Drugs that can cause sensorineural hearig loss:

A
  • aminoglycosides
  • cisplatin (chemo)
  • high dose salicylates
  • loop diuretics

Odds and Ends (6 decks)

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