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Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

Treatment for M. pneumoniae

A

azithromycin

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2
Q

Which ß blocker is contraindicated in pregnancy?

A

atenolol - associated with low birth weight

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3
Q

Metronidazole has good [] coverage.

A

Metronidazole has good obligate anaerobe coverage.

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4
Q

Ampicillin-sulbactam (Unasyn) and carbapenems have good [] coverage.

A

Ampicillin-sulbactam (Unasyn) and carbapenems have good obligate and facultative anaerobic coverage. Excellent pulmonary penetration.

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5
Q

Acute bacterial prostatitis treatment?

A

Levofloxacin or TMP-SMX (Bactrim).

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6
Q

Osteomyelitis treatment?

A

•usually S. aureus

-vancomycin or clindamycin

•if patient has SCD, could be S. aureus +/- Salmonella

  • vancomycin, clindamycin, oxacillin, nafcillin
  • 3rd generation cephalosporin: ceftriaxone or cefotaxime
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7
Q

amoxicillin + clavulonic acid =

A

Augmentin

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8
Q

ampicillin + sulbactam =

A

Unasyn

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9
Q

pipercillin + tazobactam =

A

Zosyn

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10
Q

Amoxicillin is (PO/IV) and ampicillin is (PO/IV).

A

Amoxicillin is PO and ampicillin is IV.

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11
Q

A possible complication of local epidural anesthetic?

A

Entering vasculatrue by accident leading to systemic toxicity.

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12
Q

Contraindications to fluoroquinilones?

A

•upregulate cell matrix metalloproteases –> increased collagen degradation

  • Achilles tendon rupture
  • retinal detachment
  • aortic aneurysm rupture

•don’t use with

  • HTN
  • EDS
  • Marfans
  • aortic aneurysm
  • atherosclerotic disease
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13
Q

Treatment for Candidiasis?

A

fluconazole

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14
Q

Treatment for HSV?

A

acyclovir

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15
Q

Treatment for CMV?

A

gancyclovir

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16
Q

First and second line treatments for ascites?

A

1) spironolactone
2) furosemide

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17
Q

Treatment for UC and Crohn’s?

A

•SASA agents

  • sulfasalazine
  • mesalamine
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18
Q

Treatment for diffuse esophageal spasm and achalasia?

A
  • CCBs
  • nitrates
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19
Q

Treatment for Carcinoid syndrome?

A

octreotide

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20
Q

Treatment for bleeding esophageal varices?

A

octreotide

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21
Q

Treatment for hepatic encephalopathy (hyperammonemia)?

A

rifaxamin

Rifaximin is a poorly absorbed antibiotic that is thought to reduce ammonia production by eliminating ammonia-producing colonic bacteria.

Rifaximin acts by inhibiting RNA synthesis in susceptible bacteria by binding to the beta-subunit of bacterial deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-dependent ribonucleic acid (RNA) polymerase enzyme. This binding blocks translocation, which stops transcription.

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22
Q

Treatment for Small Intestine Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO)?

A

rifaxamin

Rifaximin acts by inhibiting RNA synthesis in susceptible bacteria by binding to the beta-subunit of bacterial deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-dependent ribonucleic acid (RNA) polymerase enzyme. This binding blocks translocation, which stops transcription.

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23
Q

Treatment for IBS?

A

TCAs (amytriptyline)

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24
Q

Treatment for GERD and mild PUD?

A

•PPIs - short term

-omeprazole

•H2 receptor antagonists - long term

  • rantidine
  • cimetidine
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25
Treatment for prophylactic gastritis?
PPIs
26
Treatment for ZE syndrome?
PPIs
27
Treatment for the pruritus associated with Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis and Primary Biliary Cholangitis?
ursodeoxycholic acid
28
Treatment for acute appendicitis?
cefazolin + metronidazole
29
Antibiotics for ascites?
3rd generation cephalosporins
30
Treament for H. pylori?
amoxicillin (or metronidazole) + clarithromycin + PPI
31
Treatment for MALT Lymphoma?
amoxiciilin (or metronidazole) + clarithromycin + PPI
32
Treatment for mesenteric ischemia?
broad spectrum antibiotics ## Footnote * metronidazole + fluroquinolone * metronidazole + 2nd, 3rd generation cephalosporin
33
Treatment for ischemic colitis?
broad spectrum antibiotics * metronidazole + fluroquinolone * metronidazole + 2nd, 3rd generation cephalosporin
34
Treatment for cholecystitis?
broad spectrum antibiotics ## Footnote * metronidazole + fluroquinolone * metronidazole + 2nd, 3rd generation cephalosporin
35
Mechanism by which antipsychotic meds can lead to hyperprolactimemia.
•dopamine blockade -dopamine is a prolactin inhibitor •prolactin seldom \>200 -in prolactinomas, prolactin \>200 and there are visual disturbances and headaches
36
Treatment for essential HTN?
* thiazide diuretics * ACEi * ARB * dihydopyridine CCB
37
Treatment of HTN with HF?
* diuretics * ACEi/ARB * ß blockers (not for decompensated or cardiogenic shock) * aldosterone antagonists
38
Treatment fo HTN with DM?
* ACEi/ARB * CCB * thiazide diuretics * ß blocker
39
Treatment of HTN with asthma?
* ARB * CCB * thiazide diuretic * cardioselective ß blocker
40
Treatment of HTN in pregnancy?
* hydralazine * labetolol (not atenolol!) * methyldopa * nifedipine
41
Treament of bradycardia?
* atropine * pacemaker
42
Treatment of atrial fibrillation?
* anticoagulant * rate control - CCB - ß blocker - digoxin •rhythm control - cardiovert - Class I, Class III
43
Treatment for MAT?
* anticoagulant * rate control - CCB - ß blocker - digoxin •rhythm control - cardiovert - Class I, Class III
44
Treatment for AVRT/AVRNT?
* vagal maneuvers * adenosine
45
Treatment for WPW?
•procainamide or amiodarone
46
Treatment for PVC?
•ß blocker
47
Treatment for VT?
* amiodarone * lidocaine * procainamide
48
Treatment for TdP?
•IV Mg2+
49
Treatment for stable angina?
* ASA * ß blocker * ACEi/ARB * statin * nitro \*ASA and ß blockers improve mortality!
50
Treatment for Prinzmetal angina?
* CCB * no ASA * no ß blocker
51
Treatment for unstable angina/NSTEMI in the hospital?
* morphine * nitrates * ASA + 2nd antiplatelet (continue for 12 months) * ß blocker (if HTN, tachycardic, LV \<40%) * LMWH -enoxaparin, no apixaban
52
Treatment for unstable angina/NSTEMI long term?
* ASA (2nd antiplatelet only for 12 months after hospitalization) * ß blocker * ACEi/ARB * statin * nitro
53
Treatment for STEMI in hospital?
* morphine * nitrates (not in RHF!) * ASA + 2nd antiplatelet (continue for 12 months) * ß blocker * LMWH
54
Treatment for STEM
* ASA (2nd antiplatelet only for 12 months after hospitalization) * ß blocker * ACEi/ARB * statin * nitro
55
Treatment for HCM?
* CCB * ß blocker * NO DIGOXIN OR SPIRONOLACTONE
56
Treatment for acute HFREF?
* loop diuretics * ACEi/ARB * dobutamine * morpine * nitrates
57
Treatment for chronic HFREF?
* ß blocker * ACEi/ARB * spironol;actone or eplerenone * loop diuretics * digoxin * statins and ASA (if MI) * sacubitril/valsartan (if continued dyspnea) * ivabradine (if ß blocker contraindicated) \*ß blockers, ACEi/ARB, spironolactone or eplerenone, sabubitril/valsartan imporve mortality!
58
Treatment for HFpEF?
* diuretics * ß blocker * ACEi/ARB * CCB * NO DIGOXIN OR SPIRONOLACTONE! \*ACEi/ARB, ß blocker, CCB maintain HR, BP control
59
Treatment for HTN emergency?
* nitroprusside * nicardipine * labetolol
60
Treatment for HTN urgency?
* ACEi * ß blocker * clonidine
61
Treatment for native valve endocarditis?
• vancomycin or daptomycin 4-6 weeks \*acute -S. aureus or S. pneumoniae \*subacute -S. viridians
62
Treatment for prosthetic valve endocarditis?
•\<60 days -vancomycin + cefepine •in between -vancomycin + gentamycin •\>365 days -vancomycin + gentamycin + ceftriaxone
63
Treatment for DVT?
•SQ LMWH or •IV unfractionated heparin f/b warfarin or NOAC for 3-6 months
64
Treatment for PAD?
•acute -heparin + revascularization •aspirin + statin
65
Treatment for gonorrhea?
ceftriaxone OR fluoroquinolone (but not for pregnant women! Or pediatric population.)
66
Treatment for chlamydia?
doxycycline for one week OR azithromycin once
67
Which antidepressant is contraindicated in patients with bulimia?
bupropion ## Footnote •increased risk of seizures
68
Treatment for vulvovaginal candidiasis?
•single dose of oral fluconazole or •several days of miconazole or clotrimazole vaginal creams
69
What is edrophonium and what is it good for?
* acetylcholinesterase inhibitor * used to confirm the diagnosis of mysathenia gravis * fast and short acting, give patient some and if symptoms improve right away then diagnosis is confirmed
70
Most common antibiotics for COPD exacerbation
amoxicillin, TMP-SMX, doxycycline But you also need to give corticosteroids!
71
Treatment for mild vWF deficiency?
Desmopressin - icreases the productionand release of vWF from endothelium ## Footnote •more severe bleeding may require cryoprecipitate
72
Treatment for acute gout flare?
NSAIDs, colchicine, steroids
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87
tacrolimus
* calcineurin inhibitor * inhibits IL 2 to reduce T lymphocyte activity * solid organ transplant * SE: nephrotoxicity, HTN, glucose intolerance
88
Drugs that can cause sensorineural hearig loss:
* aminoglycosides * cisplatin (chemo) * high dose salicylates * loop diuretics

Odds and Ends (6 decks)

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