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USMLE > usmlerx peds 1 > Flashcards

usmlerx peds 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Crigler Najjar Syndrome

A

Unconjugated Hyperbilirubinemia

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2
Q

Black pigmented liver

A

Dubin Johnson

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3
Q

Tx: NEC

A

Breast Milk

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4
Q

Musty body odor

A

PKU

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5
Q

FTT, Persistant Jaundice, poor feeding

A

Classic Galactosemia (avoid galactose and lactose)

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6
Q

Exchange Transfusions for Jaundice

A

Neurotoxicity is present or bili levels are insanely high

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7
Q

Sx: Wilm’s Tumor

A

Flank mass not crossing midline n/v Anemia, HTN Hematuria WAGR

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8
Q

WAGR

A

WAGR Wilms tumor Aniridia GU abnormalities Retardation

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9
Q

Sx: ARPKD

A

BILATERAL masses Pulm Hypoplasia Oligohydramnios HTN

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10
Q

Three per second spike and wave discharges

A

Absence Seizures (Tx: Ethosuximide)

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11
Q

Tx: Complex Partial Seizure

A

carbam, oxcarb, lamotrig, phenytoin, topiramate, valproic acid

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12
Q

Loss of consciousness looking upward

A

Arnold Chiari

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13
Q

Arnold Chiari presents

A

usually in adulthood

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14
Q

Dandy Walker presents

A

early infancy

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15
Q

Sx: Dandy Walker

A

(4th ventricle enlargement) Motor- jerky mvmnts ICP Convulsions, vomiting Eyes- mvmnts

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16
Q

Sx: SCIDs

A

small thymus FTT Diarrhea Recurrent infxns

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17
Q

What is Transposition of the Great Vessels?

A

Aorta stems from RV Pulm artery stems from LV -MCC of Cyanotic Congenital HD

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18
Q

Egg shaped heart

A

Transposition of Great Vessels

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19
Q

Tx: TGV

A

Prostaglandin E1s OR Balloon Atrial septostomy to open/maintain ASD until surgiery to switch the vessels

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20
Q

Sx: Malathion poisoning

A

Organphosphate (incACh)-> DUMBBELS Diarrhea, Urination, Miosis, Bronchconstriction, Bradycardia, Emesis, Lacrimation, Salivation

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21
Q

Sx: Anticholinergic poisoning

A

Blind as a bat (Myadriasis) Mad as a Hatter Red as a Beet Hot as a Hare Dry as a Bone Bladder/Bowels lose their tone and the heart runs alone

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22
Q

Child with cold, RUQ Pain

A

Acetaminophen overdose

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23
Q

Sx: Ethylene Glycol overdose

A

Ataxia/Confusion HTN, Tachypnea, Tachycardic *Oxalic acid crystals in urine Kussmaul, incAG metabolic acidosis

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24
Q

Tx: Ethylene Glycol

A

Fomepizole or Ethanol (direct competitor for Alc Dehyd’ase)

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25
Q

Dx: Bacterial Vaginosis

A

Wet mount prep showing Clue cells

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26
Q

Sx: Lower UTI vs. Upper UTI

A

Flank pain, fever, chills indicate upper UTI (ie Pyelonephritis)

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27
Q

Tx: Rickettsia

A

Doxycycline

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28
Q

Maculopapular pink rash starting on trunk and spreads to face and hands, fever

A

Roseola

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29
Q

Tx: Roseola (Sixth Dz)

A

None, self limiting

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30
Q

Etiology: Scarlet Fever

A

Group A Strep (S. Pyogenes)

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31
Q

Sx: Scarlet Fever

A

Strawberry tongue Sandpaper like rash on trunk that desquamates

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32
Q

Scarlet Fever leads to

A

Rheumatic Fever

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33
Q

Tx: Scarlet Fever

A

Penicillin

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34
Q

Hypokalemia, HTN, Ambiguous Genitalia

A

11-?-OH Deficiency (So the kid gets increased amounts of Sex androgens and also 11 Deoxycort’s which yield the HTN)

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35
Q

Sx: Sickle Cell

A

Anemia Pallor, Fatigue even kids can have strokes!!

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36
Q

Murmur loudest at L Sternal Border, nonbounding pulses

A

TGV

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37
Q

Murmur loudest at L Sternal Border, bounding pulses

A

Truncus Arteriosus

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38
Q

Rash on Flexor surfaces (elbow, buttocks, knees)

A

Atopic Dermatitis “Flexzema”

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39
Q

Raised red lesions with silvery scales

A

Psoriasis

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40
Q

Vaccinations and acute illnesses

A

Fever is not a contraindication but it can be cause to delay. Fever + URI + Otitis Media would be cause to give antibiotics and delay vaccination

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41
Q

Dapsone treats

A

Leprosy ITP Prophylaxis for HIV Jiroveci

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42
Q

Tx: Systemic mycoses

A

Amphotericin B or Fluconazole

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43
Q

Tx: CMV

A

Foscarnet

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44
Q

Tx: Varicella Zoster

A

Acyclovir

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45
Q

Tx: EBV

A

Acyclovir

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46
Q

Sx: Trisomy 13

A

Microcephaly, Microphthalmia Polydactyl Holoprosencephaly

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47
Q

Sx: Trisomy 18

A

Horseshoe kidneys Micrognathia Congenital Heart Defects Malrotation of GI

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48
Q

Sx: RSV

A

Hypersecretions lead to mucus plugs which leads to hyperinflation Ronchi/Wheezing Rinorrhea

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49
Q

Sx: Roseola

A

High Fever Rash

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50
Q

Complications of Supracondylar Humerus Fractures

A

Compartment Syndrome (dt Brachial a.) Volkmann’s Contracture (ischemic contracture shortening of the forearm muscles)

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51
Q

Lisch Nodules

A

Raised pigmented hamartomas of the iris in NF-1

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52
Q

Retinal Hamartomas

A

Tuberous Sclerosis

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53
Q

Leukocoria

A

Retinoblastoma

54
Q

Pediatric Glaucoma

A

Sturge Weber (50%)

55
Q

Nonretinal Hamartomas

A

Tuberous Sclerosis

56
Q

Sx: Pertussis

A

Inspiratory stridor (“whoop”) Cough, Coryza Low grade fever Paroxysmal coughing

57
Q

Sx: H Influ

A

Kids- Hi fever, Myalgia, Cough, Chills Babies- URI, Bronchitis, Bronchiolitis, pneumonia, laryngeotracheitis, myositis, parotitis

58
Q

Sx: Polio

A

Fever, Malaise Pharyngitis n/v weak skeletal/cranial muscles, flaccid paralysis

59
Q

Sx: Measles

A

Cough Coryza Conjunctivitis Koplik’s spots

60
Q

Koplik’s Spots Appearance

A

small red spots with grey centers on buccosal mucosa

61
Q

Legg Calve Perthes Disease

A

Proximal Femur Epiphysis vascular osteonecrosis ~4-8yoa

62
Q

Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis

A

Salter Harris type 1 Fx of the proximal femoral epiphysis -11-15yoa (often African American boys)

63
Q

Sx: Transient Tachypnea of the Newborn

A

Respiratory Distress (cyanosis, nasal flaring etc) Fissures, prominent pulm vascular markings Overexpansion of lungs/Flattened diaphragm

64
Q

Sx: Diaphragmatic Hernia

A

Air filled bowel in chest Decreased breath sounds over hernia Displaced Heart sounds to opposite side of hernia

65
Q

Sx: Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome

A

fine reticular granular pattern and air bronchograms pre-term

66
Q

Sx: Pulmonary Hemorrhage

A

Diffuse Opacified Lung(s), air bronchogram

67
Q

Sx: Pulm Interstitial Emphysema

A

Linear lucencies radiating from the hilum, or cystlike blebs <48hrs of birth HoTN, Bradycardia, Hypoxic Preterms

68
Q

Risk Factors: Transient Tachypnea of the Newborn

A

Premature birth Precipitous birth Cesarean Section

69
Q

Dx: Tinea Pedis

A

KOH prep (see branching hyphae)

70
Q

Dx: Tinea Capitis

A

Wood’s lamp

71
Q

Dx: Porphyria Cutanea Tarda

A

Wood’s lamp

72
Q

G+ cocci in clusters, bacterial tracheitis, brassy cough, hi fever in kids

73
Q

G- Diplococc, bacterial tracheitis, kids

A

Moraxella Catarrhis

74
Q

G- Rod, bacterial tracheitis, kids

A

H Influ (nontypeable)

75
Q

Sx: Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia, 21-OH Deficiency

A

Deficiency of Aldosterone and Cortisol (Inc ACTH) Inc Sex Hormones leads to virilized genitalia

76
Q

Sx: Nonbilious vomiting, RUQ mass

A

Pyloric Stenosis

77
Q

Hypochloremic Metabolic Alkalosis

A

Pyloric Stenosis

78
Q

Double bubble sign

A

Malrotation

79
Q

Bilious vomiting with bloody stools

80
Q

RUQ olive mass, nonbilious vomiting

A

Pyloric Stenosis

81
Q

Sausage mass with currant jelly stools

A

Intussusception

82
Q

Malrotations are associated with

A

Diaphragmatic hernias Gastroschisis Omphalocele Intestinal Atresia

83
Q

Sx: Volvulus

A

Bilious vomiting Bloody stool/Melena Ligament of Treitz on right side Duodenal “Beak”

84
Q

Sx: Rotavirus

A

Nonbloody diarrhea fecal oral spread Dehydration Vomiting Low-moderate fever

85
Q

daycare center, january, diarrhea

86
Q

Sx: Salmonella

A

n/v diarrhea (may contain blood or mucus)

87
Q

reptile contact, diarrhea

A

Salmonella

88
Q

Antibiotics should never be prescribed for which diarrhea

A

Salmonella

89
Q

G- Flagellated rod

A

Campylobacter jejuni

90
Q

Sx: Campylobacter

A

Fever HA Bloody Diarrhea

91
Q

Sx: C. Difficile

A

Fever Diarrhea (test stool for C-D toxins)

92
Q

Sx: Enteric Adenovirus

A

Diarrhea URI-like symptoms Spring/summer

93
Q

Sx: Giardia

A

Watery diarrhea Flatulence Foul smelling greasy stools

94
Q

Sx: Shigella

A

Fever Bloody, pus speckled diarrhea Fecal-oral, daycares

95
Q

Sx: S. Aureus diarrhea

A

Emesis is often first symptom Right after food

96
Q

Sx: Vibrio

A

Watery diarrhea (rice water) seafood

97
Q

Vibrio Cholera vs Parahaemolyticus

A

Parahem- Japan, no Tx, Resolves in 3 days

98
Q

Tx: Vibrio

A

Fluids -can also give Doxy or Flouroquinolone

99
Q

Tx: Shigella

A

Flouroquinolones

100
Q

Sx: E. Coli- Enterotoxigenic

A

rice water stool in 3rd world travelers

101
Q

Sx: E. Coli- Enterohemorrhagic

A

Hemorrhagic colitis, O157:H7- HUS syndrome

102
Q

Sx: E. Coli- Enteroinvasive

A

Fever WBCs in stool

103
Q

Sx: HUS

A

Thrombocytopenia Renal Failure (Uremia) Hemolytic Anemia

104
Q

Sx: Angelman

A

angeLMAM’S Laughing Mental delays Ataxia/mvmnt disorders Microcephaly Seizures (tonic clonic)

105
Q

Sx: Epiglottitis

A

Rapid fever Dysphagia Drooling Lung sounds, cyanosis “Sniffing position” (next extension)

106
Q

MCC of Epiglottitis

A

(Used to be Hib before vaccine) nontype H Influ, Streps, virals

107
Q

Oily stools, jaundice

108
Q

Pancreatitis, Hypoproteinemia, Lung sounds

109
Q

Small hard nodule on testicle, gynecomastia

A

Choriocarcinoma (B-hcg yields gynecomastia)

110
Q

Testicle tumors with ?fp

A

Teratomas Teratocarcinomas Embryonal Cell tumors

111
Q

Urinary Catecholamines in a child

A

Neuroblastoma

112
Q

Sx: Neuroblastoma

A

Periorbital bruising, Proptosis Lymphadenopathy HTN

113
Q

Sx: ALL

A

Pancytopenia Lymphadenopathy Fever FTT Petechiae (NOT bruising), Pallor

114
Q

Worst prognostic feature of Aortic Stenosis

115
Q

Hydrops Fetalis

A

Congenital Syphilis

116
Q

Cutaneous Lesions on hands/soles of neonate

A

Congenital Syphilis

117
Q

Sx: Congenital Syphilis

A

Hepatosplenomegaly, Jaundice Frontal Bossing, Short Maxilla, Hi Palatal Arch Hutchinson’s triad Saddle Nose Perioral Fissure

118
Q

Metaphyseal Dystrophy and Periostitis

A

Congenital Syphilis

119
Q

Hutchinson’s Triad

A

Blunted upper incisors Interstitial Keratitis Eighth Nerve Deafness (Congenital Syphilis)

120
Q

G- Intracellular Aerobe

A

C. Trachomatis

121
Q

Sx: DiGeorge

A

Cleft palate Abnormal facies Thymic aplasia Cardiac (Tetralogy) Hypocalcemia/parathyroid hypoplasia

122
Q

Dx: Sickle Cell

A

Hemoglobin Electrophoresis

123
Q

Dx: Chronic Granulomatous Disease

A

Nitroblue Tetrazolium

124
Q

Dx: VACTERL

A

Renal ultrasound

125
Q

VACTERL

A

Vertebrae, Anal atresia, CV tree, Tracheo-Esophageal fistula, Renal

126
Q

Rocky mountain rash

A

starts on hands and feet and spreads to trunk

127
Q

Sx: Rh Incompatability

A

MUST have had kids before! Mother- Rh- Unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia Anemia inc Hematopoeiesis Coombs

128
Q

Breast Jaundice is usually seen at Day

129
Q

Tx: Mild Persistant Asthma

A

Lo Dose Inhaled Corticosteroid

130
Q

Cromolyn Sodium is

A

block Leukotriene Rec ->block Mast cell Asthma Prophylaxis (has to be started weeks ahead of time)

131
Q

Tx: Moderate Persistant Asthma

A

Short acting bronchodilators low to medium dose corticosteroids Long acting inhaled B2 agonist

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