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USMLE > USMLE Rx Medicine1 > Flashcards

USMLE Rx Medicine1 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Sx: Addisonian Crisis

A

Hypoaldosteronism/Adrenal Insufficiency

  • Hyperkalemia
  • Hypovolemic shock (tachy, HoTN, fever, n/v)
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2
Q

Sausage linked retina, ↑ viscosity of blood

A

Plasma cell dyscrasia

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3
Q

Sx: Plasma cell dyscrasia

A

Neuro, HA
Visual
Vertigo
Retinal “sausage link” veins

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4
Q

Sx: Classic Migraine

A

Unilateral

Scotoma/aura

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5
Q

Rx exacerbating gout

A

Diuretics (HCTZ, Loops)

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6
Q

4 Kanavel Signs

A

Flexor Tendon Synovitis

  • Finger slight flexed
  • Pain with passive extension
  • Fusiform swelling
  • Tenderness over flexor tendon sheath
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7
Q

Sx: Paronychia

A

Swelling, inflammation at base of nail bed

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8
Q

Felon

A

Infxn of the deep pulp (basically a deeper paronychia)

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9
Q

Sx: RA

A 
Arthritis
Nodules
Splenomegaly
Interstitial Fibrosis
Vasculitis
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10
Q

Sympathoadrenal activity is seen in

A

Obstructive Sleep Apnea

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11
Q

HTN Urgency vs. Emergency

A

Emergency shows end organ damage
Emergency requires IV Nitroprusside
Urgency can start with oral anti HTNs
over Sys-180 or Dias-120

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12
Q

Sickle Cell infxns

A

S. Pneumo
H. Influ
Flu

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13
Q

Diabetes Inspidus is associated with

A

Langerhans Histiocytosis

central DI

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14
Q

Tx: Diabetes Insipidus

A

Central- DDAVP

Nephrogenic- Lithium

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15
Q

Tx: SIADH

A

Demeclocycline (causes diabetes inspidus)

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16
Q

Silicosis Professions

A

Construction, drilling, mining, blasting

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17
Q

Sx: Cor Pulmonale

A 
Loud S2 (PA HTN)
RVH
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18
Q

Labs: 1° Hyperaldosteronism

A

↑Na
↓K
↓ACTH

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19
Q

Concave, crescent shaped hyperdensity

A

Subdural Hematoma

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20
Q

Lens-shaped, convex hyperdensity limited by sutures

A

Epidural Hematoma

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21
Q

Subdural vs. Epidural Hematoma

A

Both have lucid intervals

Subdural- usually Pts >60 yoa

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22
Q

Rupture of Middle meningeal artery leads to

A

Epidural Hematoma

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23
Q

Fixed, dilated, blown pupil

A

Epidural Hematoma

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24
Q

Irregularly shaped parenchymal hyperdensity

A

Parenchymal Hemorrhage (no lucid interval)

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25
Q

Labs: von Willebrand

A

PT- Normal
aPTT- prolonged
BT- prolonged

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26
Q

CT-guided Pericardiocentesis vs Emergent Pericardiocentesis

A

CT-guided only in hemodynamically stable patients

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27
Q

Path: Myasthenia Gravis

A

Antibodies against the Postsynaptic Ach receptors

28
Q

Sx: Myasthenia Gravis

A

Ptosis, Visual changes, Thymoma, Daily Progressive Fatigue

29
Q

Tx: Myasthenia Gravis

A

Thymectomy

Neostigmine/Pyridostigmine (Achesterase Inhibitos)

30
Q

Path: Lambert Eaton

A

Autoantibodies attack presynaptic voltage gated Ca Channels at NMJ

31
Q

Small cell lung CA is associated with

A

Lambert Eaton

ADH Ectopic release (Bronchogenic SCC)

32
Q

Path: RA

A

IgM Antibodies against the IgG

33
Q

Path: Parkinson’s

A

Degeneration of the Dopaminergic Neurons within the Substantia Nigra

34
Q

Tx: Hepatic Encephalopathy

A

Low protein diet or Lactulose

35
Q

Serotonin Syndrome

A

Sinners SELl Drugs That Make ME TRYP
DAMN Fucking Serotonin
Diarrhea, Agitation, Muscle spasms, Nausea, Flushing, Sweating
Also BP changes and Tachycardia

36
Q

H. Ducreyi vs Syphilis

A

Syphilis is painless chancres

H. Ducreyi is painFUL chancroids

37
Q

Etiology: Penile Discharge

A

Urethritis (N. Gonococcal C. Trachomatis; also Myco Genitalium, U. Urealyticum, T. Vaginalis, rarely HSV)
C. Albicans (white discharge)

38
Q

FUO in elderly

A

CT- to find any malignancy (MCC)

39
Q

Sx: Infective Endocarditis

A

Duke scale

  1. multi positive blood Cx
  2. echo showing involvement or new regurg murmur

Janeway lesions, Osler Nodes, Roth spots, petechiae, splinter hemorrhages

40
Q

Janeway Lesions vs. Osler Nodes vs. Roth Spots

A

Both are in IE
Jane- painless, septic emboli
Osler- “ow!” painful, immune complex depositions
Roth- vasculitis in the eyes

41
Q

HIV infxn of eye

A

CMV

42
Q

sfx: Thiazides

A

Hypokalemia
Hypercalcemia, Hyperlipidemia
Hyperuricemia

43
Q

Tx: Cocaine overdose

A

Benzos, help the HTN as well!

44
Q

Sx: AML

A

Gingival Hypertrophy
Ecchymoses, petechiae
Fundal hemorrhages
Joint/Bone pain

45
Q

Sx: ITP

A

Often women under 50
Bleeding
Bruising. Petehiae
Splenomegaly

46
Q

Pain with traction of pinna

A

Otitis Externa

47
Q

Economic interest in patient care

A

You are allowed to have care that you profit from (ie an invention), but you must disclose the your economic interest and make sure it has an interest to the patient

48
Q

Tx: Head injury, almost in comatose state

A

Insert ET Tube before doing imaging

49
Q

Part of Prostate for BPH and carcinoma

A

Peripheral Zone- carcinoma (DRE)

Transitional Zone- BPH

50
Q

Sx: Goodpasture’s

A

Renal failure, Pulm Hemorrhage (Hemoptysis)

51
Q

HTN, Metabolic Alkalosis, Hypokalemia

A

1° Hyperaldosteronism

52
Q

Dx: Precocious Puberty

A

Bone age demonstrates an age of 2 yrs or greater than the chronologic age

53
Q

↑ ACE, african american

A

Sarcoidosis

54
Q

Hypercalcemia, hypercalciuria, respiratory Sx

A

Sarcoidosis

55
Q

Noncaseating Granulomas

A

Sarcoidosis

56
Q

FEV1/FEV

A

COPD= <60%

COPD is only partially reversible with albuterol

57
Q

Sx: Carcinoid tumor

A

RHF, Tricuspid regurg, Pulm valve involvement

Flushing, nonbloody diarrhea, HoTN

58
Q

UTI, coagulase negative, gram positive

A

Acute cystitis due to S. saprophyticus

59
Q

Painless gross hematuria

A

possibly Bladder CA!

60
Q

Polyuria, nocturia, polydipsia

A

Diabetes Insipidus or Psychogenic Polydipsia

61
Q

Interstitial Cystitis vs UTI

A

no bacteria is found in interstitial cystitis

62
Q

Sx: Renal Cell Carcinoma

A

Flank pain
Palpable abdominal mass
Hematuria

63
Q

Sx: Conn’s Syndrome

A

same as Primary Hyperaldosteronism

HTN, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis

64
Q

Tx: Conn’s Syndrome

A

Spironolactone

65
Q

Tx: H. Pylori

A

Omeprazole, Amoxicillin, Clarithromycin for 2 weeks

66
Q

Postprandial pain, early sateity, n/v

A

Gastric Outlet Obstruction

67
Q

Nonbloody emesis of partially digested food, postprandial pain

A

Gastric Outlet Obstruction

USMLE (4 decks)

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