Using Resources Materials Continued (unit 10)

Question 1

What is the structure and bonding of a pure metal? Please also mention it’s properties

Answer 1

1) GIANT LATTICE
2) Crystalline structure (organised in regular layers)
3) Lattice of + ions HELD TOGETHER WITH DELOCALISED ELECTRONS
4) Consists of metallic bond

Properties: malleable, softer

Question 2

What is an alloy?

Answer 2

Substance consisting of one metal MIXED with another metal/carbon usually

Question 3

What is the structure and bonding of alloys? Please also mention properties

Answer 3

1) Has he same metallic bonds
2) ATOMS OF DIFFERENT ELEMENTS DISRUPT THE REGULAR LAYERS DUE TO THE DIFFERENT PARTICLE SIZE
3) It has the mixed properties of big metals when they were separate

Properties: Stronger, harder

Question 4

Give the composition, properties, and uses of the alloy BRONZE.

Answer 4

• Copper and tin
• Tough and resistant to corrosion
• Used for statues and decorative objects;coins

Question 5

Give the composition, properties, and uses of the alloy BRASS.

Answer 5

• Copper and zinc
• Harder than copper but is can be worked into intricate shapes
• Used in musical instruments;door handles as copper has ANTIBACTERIAL PROPERTIES

Question 6

Give the properties, and uses of the alloys of ALUMINIUM.

Answer 6

• LOW DENSITY, though, it is very strong

- Aerospace engineering + aircrafts

Question 7

Give the composition, properties, and uses of the alloys of GOLD.

Answer 7

• Gold + silver/copper/zinc
• This changes the hardness and colour
• used for jewellery

Question 8

His is the purity of gold calculated?

Answer 8

x carats/24 carats

24 is 100% pure

Question 9

Give the composition, properties, and uses of the alloys of STEEL.

Answer 9

• Iron alloys that contain carbon and other metals

- Used in infrastructure e.g. railways, bridges, skyscrapers, (stainless steel) cutlery

Question 10

What are the three types of steel and/or composition?

Answer 10

High carbon steel
Low carbon steel
Stainless steel (iron and carbon and chromium and nickel)

Question 11

What is property of high carbon steel?

Answer 11

It is strong
It is less corrosive
It is brittle

Question 12

What is the property of low carbon steel?

Answer 12

Softer
More easily shaped
It is MORE corrosive

Question 13

What are the properties of stainless steel?

Answer 13

Hard
Corrosion RESISTANT
Shinier

Question 14

What is the property of glass compared to ceramics?

Answer 14

Transparent v. Opaque

Question 15

What are uses of ceramics?

Answer 15

Bricks, toilets, crockery

Question 16

What is ‘soda-lime glass’ glass made out of?

Answer 16

Sand/silicon dioxide + sodium carbonate + limestone

Question 17

How do I get glass that’s harder and has higher temperature?

Answer 17

Melt at high temperature and shape when cooling

Question 18

What is the name of the harder and higher MELTING point glass?

Answer 18

Borosilicate glass

Question 19

What are the uses of the higher MELTING point and harder glass?

Answer 19

Test tubes

Question 20

What is the structure of glass like?

Answer 20

Irregular structure

Question 21

What are ceramics made from?

Answer 21

Clay

Question 22

How are ceramics made?

Answer 22

They are heated to a high temperature in a furnace and moulded into shape when wet

Question 23

What is the structure of clay and of ceramics?

Answer 23

Clay: mixture of compounds containing both ionic and covalent bonds
Ceramics: Regular, CRYSTALLINE structure

Question 24

What are the properties of ceramics?

Answer 24

It is hard
It is brittle so can easily crack
It’s an insulator
It is corrosion resistant

Question 25

What are composite materials? | Give an example of one

Answer 25

2 or more materials binded together (using binder or matrix surrounding and binding together fibres of other material which is called REINFORCEMENT) that provide improved properties that neither material could provide separately E.G. concrete

Question 26

What is the structure and uses of fibreglass?

Answer 26

Boats and sports equipment The binder/second material is a POLYMER Tough but flexible, waterproof, low density

Question 27

What is the structure and uses of concrete?

Answer 27

Cement and water | Used for buildings

Question 28

What are the uses of glass-ceramics? | Structure?

Answer 28

Stoves | Both individually are hard but brittle; together they are hard but TOUGH

Question 29

What is the structure and uses of composite wood?

Answer 29

Plywood and MDF Binder is adhesives; sheets of wood stuck together against grain Used for furniture as shapes can be cut without splintering

Question 30

How can we change the properties of monomers?

Answer 30

1) Can change the monomers used to make the polymer | 2) Change the conditions used in the polymerisation reaction

Question 31

What is example of a polymer that has been made from the same monomer with different reaction conditions?

Answer 31

Low Density Poly(ethene) and High Density Poly(ethene)

Question 32

Properties/structural differences between LD Poly(ethene) and HD Poly(ethene)?

Answer 32

``` LD poly(ethene): soft and flexible HD poly(ethene): hard and strong There are stronger forces between the molecules ```

Question 33

How are the reaction conditions for HD poly(ethene): compared to LD poly(ethene)?

Answer 33

HD poly(ethene) is made with a LOWER temperature and pressure and the catalyst is Ziegla-Natta but with LD Poly(ethene) the catalyst is traces of oxygen

Question 34

Uses of LD poly(ethene) and HD poly(ethene)?

Answer 34

LDP: bags + cling film HDP: buckets and water pipes

Question 35

What is the STRUCTURE of thermosetting polymers compared to thermosoftening?

Answer 35

Thermosoftening: contains long polymer chains and are tangled with each other Thermosetting: same as thermosoftening but the chains are JOINED TOGETHER BY COVALENT BONDS (called cross-links)

Question 36

What are the PROPERTIES of thermosoftening polymers?

Answer 36

Soften and melt when heated

Question 37

What are the PROPERTIES of thermosetting plastics?

Answer 37

Do not soften and melt when heated (heat resistant)

Question 38

Examples of thermosoftening polymers?

Answer 38

Poly(ethene) Polyesters Nylon

Question 39

Examples of thermosetting plastics?

Answer 39

Superglue Epoxy resins Melamine

Question 40

Why are aluminium alloys expensive?

Answer 40

A lot of energy to extract aluminium via electrolysis.

Question 41

What is the ore for iron?

Answer 41

Hematite

Question 42

Define matrix

Answer 42

Surrounds reinforcement | Fine material used to bind together the coarser particles of a composite substance.