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Chemistry > Using resources > Flashcards

Using resources Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an example of a natural product that has been replaced by a synthetic alternative

A

Natural rubber from tree sap
Replaced by crude oil rubber

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2
Q

Give examples of finite resources

A

Metals and Fossil fuels

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3
Q

Give examples of non finite resources

A

Water and wood

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4
Q

What is potable water

A

Water that is safe to drink
It often contains dissolved solids

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5
Q

How do you check if water is pure

A
  • Check the pH (dissolved acids/ alkalis)
  • Weigh an evaporating basin, evaporate water, allow it to cool, if the sample contained solids, the mass will have increased- (dissolved solids)
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6
Q

How do you purify water by distillation

A

Put a conical flask ontop of a tripod and gauze.
Heat up the water
The water will vapour will condense into the test tube surrounded by cold water
You are now left with water with no dissolved solids

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6
Q

How can you produce potable water from freshwater

A

Fall it through filter beds to remove large particles
Sterilise it to kill microbes- using chlorine/ UV light

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6
Q

How can you carry out desalination (2)

A

Distillation or pass it through membranes which is called reverse osmosis

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7
Q

What is desalination

A

The process of removing salt from water to make it at an acceptable level for potable water

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7
Q

Describe the process of waste water treatment

A
  • It is screened by passing it through a mesh
  • The sewage settles in large sedimentation tanks where it produces a liquid effluent and a solid sludge
  • The solid sludge is digested by anaerobic bacteria. The biogas can be burned for electricity. The digested sludge can be used for fertilisers
  • Air is bubbled through the liquid effluent, which allows aerobic bacteria to multiply
  • Aerobic bacteria digest organic molecules and harmful microorganisms
  • Then the liquid effluent can be discharged into natural water sources
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8
Q

What is the easiest way to produce potable water

A

Use ground water from aquifers

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9
Q

Why do we have to mine copper from lower grade ores

A

Because copper rich sources are running out

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10
Q

What is phytomining

A

When plants are grown on land that has the metal you want
The plants concentrate the metal in their tissue
The plants are then harvested and burnt
The ash contains a high concentration of the metal

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11
Q

Explain bioleaching

A

Bacteria are mixed with lower grade ore
Bacteria carry out chemical reactions to produce a solution called leachate
Leachate contains a high concentration of the metal we want

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12
Q

How do you get copper from ores

A

Displace it with iron

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13
Q

Why are bioleaching and phytomining important

A

They allow us to economically extract metals from low grade ores
The produce less emissions that traditional ones

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14
Q

Why is quarrying bad

A

Releases dust which can be bad for habitats

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15
Q

Why is mining harmful

A

It can release harmful chemicals into the environment

16
Q

Name a material that can be reused

A

Glass

17
Q

What is corrosion

A

The destructio of materials by chemical reactions with substances in the environment

18
Q

What is an example of corrosion

A

Rusting

19
Q

When asked about a rusting experiment, what 3 scenarios should you describe using a nail and a test tube

A

1- Nail in open water and air
2- Nail in boiled distilled water with oil ontop (water-Air)
3- Nail in Anhydrous copper chloride powder with bung ontop (Air-Water)

20
Q

What does rusting require

A

Both air and water

21
Q

How can you protect rusting

A

Applying a barrier like grease, paint or electroplating

22
Q

How is aluminium prevented against corrosion

A

A thin layer of alluminium oxide forms on the outside that protects the metal

23
Q

What is iron coated with
What is it an example of

A

It is galvanised with zinc
This is an example of sacrificial protection as zinc corrodes au lieu d’iron

24
Q

What is bronze an alloy of

A

Copper and tin

25
Q

What is brass an alloy of

A

Copper and zinc

26
Q

How is gold made stronger

A

Its alloyed with gold, silver copper and zinc

27
Q

What are properties of high carbon steel

A

It is very hard, but also very brittle

28
Q

What are properties of low carbon steel

A

Its softer but less brittle

29
Q

What is the word equation of iron rusting

A

Iron + Oxygen + Water —> Hydrated Iron (III) Oxide

30
Q

What is soda lime glass
Give two examples

A

The most common type of glass we use. Its used in bottles and windows

31
Q

How can you make soda lime glass

A

You get sand, sodium carbonate, and limestone. Heat them together and it will cool into the desired shape.

32
Q

What is a disadvantage of soda lime glass

A

It has a low melting point

33
Q

What is borosilicate glass

A

A glass with a high melting point

34
Q

How can you make borosilicate glass

A

By mixing and heating a mixture of sand and boron trioxide

35
Q

Where is clay found

A

in the ground

36
Q

How do people work with the properties of clay

A

When its wet, you can mold it into any shape, but when its heated, it stays in that shape

37
Q

What is a composite

A

A material made by combining two different materials

38
Q

What is an example of a composite

A

Carbon fibre

39
Q

What is a thermosoftening polyer

A

A polymer that will get softer when heated
They can be reshaped

40
Q

What is a thermoforming polymer

A

A polymer that will get harder when heated

Chemistry (10 decks)

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