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Chemistry > The rate of extent of chemical changes > Flashcards

The rate of extent of chemical changes Flashcards

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1
Q

If a line is steep in a graph of time and amount of product produced, what do you know about rate of reaction

A

The rate of reaction will be very fast/ high

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2
Q

What are the characteristics on a graph of a quick reaction

A

Steep line
Flattens quickly

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3
Q

What must a particle do to react

A

It must collide
With enough energy

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4
Q

Activation energy

A

The minimum amount of energy needed for a rection called. It is at this point that there is enough energy for bonds to break

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5
Q

What does rate of reaction depend on (5)

A

Temperature
Pressure
Catalyst
Concentration
Surface area

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6
Q

How does increasing the temperature increase rate of reaction

A

When temperature increases
Energy of particles increase
Kinetic energy increses
More particle have more energy
More collisions will occur
More collisions will have sufficient energy to react
More reactions will occur in the same time period

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7
Q

How does increasing concentration increase rate of reaction

A

If there is a higher concentration
There will be more particles in the same volume of space
So there will be moer collisions
So there will be more successful collisions
So rate of reaction will increase

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8
Q

How does increasing surface area increase rate of reaction

A

If there is more pieces of the reactant, it will have a higher surface area to volume ratio
There will be more frequent collisions
More frequent successful collisions
More rate of reaction

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9
Q

How does using a catalyst increase the rate of reaction

A

A catalyst provides an alternative reaction pathway with a lower activation energy which means more collisions will have the required activation energy so there will be more frequent successful collisions and a higher rate of reaction.

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10
Q

What is the equtaion for rate of reaction

A

(Amount of reactant used up/ Product formed) / Time

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11
Q

What are three things you can measure for a rate of reaction

A
  • Precipitation and colour change
  • Change in mass (gas given off)
  • Volume of gas given off
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11
Q

How can you measure precipitation and colour change

A
  • Record the visual change in a reaction if the intial solution is transparent
  • Observe a mark through the solution and see how long it takes to disappear
  • See how long it take to lose or gain colour
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12
Q

What is a disadvantage of seeing rate of reaxtion from precipitate/ colour change

A

It is all subjective and you cant agree on a single time

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13
Q

How can you measure change in mass
And is it a good way of measuring rate

A

Put it on a balance before reaction (just products)
Record the mass change after
It is the best was to measure rate of reactio (if your mass balance is very accurate)

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14
Q

How can you measure volume of gas given off
Is it a good method of measuring rate

A

Use a gas syring connected to a bung and delivery tube
It is a good method of measuring rates as the gas syringe gives accurate measurements to 1cm^3

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15
Q

How can you calculate mean reaction rate

A

Total mass reacted/ time

16
Q

how would you find the rate of reaction at a specific point

A

You would draw a tangent and find the gradient

17
Q

What is a reversible reaction

A

A reaction where the products are able to turn back into reactants

18
Q

Dynamic equilibrium

A

The point at which the rate of forward and backward reactions in a reversible reaction is equal. This may not be at the point where both substances are equal.

19
Q

What factors does the position of equilibrium depend on

A

Temperature
Pressure
Concentration

20
Q

What is the effect of temperature on equilibrium

A

Cold favours the exothermic directoin.
This means a decrease in temperature will cause the equilibrium to shift to the side of the exothermic reaction

21
Q

What is the effect of pressure on equilibrium

A

Higher pressure favours the side with less gas moles.
This means an increase in pressure will cause the equilibrium to shift to the side with fewer gas moles.

22
Q

What is the effect of concentration on equilibrium

A

A higher concentration of reactants will shift the equilibrium to the side of the products

Chemistry (10 decks)

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