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Chemistry Paper 2 > Using Resources > Flashcards

Using Resources Flashcards

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1
Q

What do you need for rusting

A
  • iron
  • oxygen
  • water
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2
Q

What’s sacrificial protection

A

Attaching a more reactive metal so the more reacted metal will get corroded
= protect iron from rusting

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3
Q

Adv and dis of purifying sea water by reverse osmosis

A

Can get fresh water from sea water
Expensive as uses a lot of energy

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4
Q

Why use alloys not pure metals

A

Alloys are harder and cheaper
Pure metals are softer

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5
Q

What’s corrosion

A

Chemical reaction
Eg rusting

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6
Q

Where does natural rubber come from

A

Sap of a tree
= produced using crude oil

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7
Q

Define finite

A

Can’t be replaced as quickly as they’re being used
Eg fossil fuels

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8
Q

How does chemistry help

A

We can use artificial fertilisers
= grow more food with the land available
Water that’s safe to drink

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9
Q

Describe drinking water

A

Must have low levels of dissolved salts
Eg sodium chloride
Can’t have high levels of microbes
Eg bacteria

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10
Q

Define potable water

A

Water that’s safe to drink

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11
Q

How to we collect rainwater

A

Collected from ground in aquifers and in lakes, rivers and reservoirs

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12
Q

Why do we use rainwater

A

Contains low levels of dissolved substances

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13
Q

How to produce potable water

A
  • choose food source of fresh water
    Eg a river
  • pass water through filter beds
    = removes materials like leaves
  • water is sterilised to kill microbes
  • in uk we use chlorine
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14
Q

Describe sea water

A

Very high levels of dissolved minerals
= potable water produced by desalination

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15
Q

Describe desalination

A

Reduces the levels of dissolved minerals down to an acceptable level for potable water

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16
Q

How to carry out desalination

A

Use distillation or reverse osmosis
= both reduce levels of dissolved minerals
= both require very large amounts of energy
= very expensive

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17
Q

Effect of calcium chloride

A

Remove any water vapour from air

18
Q

Describe iron corrosion

A

Top layer rusts and then falls off
= reaches another layer and repeats

19
Q

Describe aluminium corrosion

A

Only surface atoms are affected
Creates aluminium oxide
= forms protective layer against environment

20
Q

How to prevent iron rusting

A
  • prevent oxygen and water touching iron
    Eg paint iron, oil or grease iron, electroplating
  • adding more reactive metal like aluminium or zinc to the iron
    = if object exposed to oxygen more reactive metal will be oxidised instead
21
Q

How are metals recycled

A

Separate metals into elements and melt and reform

22
Q

How is glass recycled

A

Seperated and crushed then melted

23
Q

Stages of lifecycle assessment

A
  • extracting and processing raw materials
  • manufacturing and packaging product
  • using product
  • disposing product
24
Q

Limit of lifecycle assessment

A
  • so complex so can be manipulated to deliberately support a company
    = hard to notice
25
Q

Describe pure water

A

Only has h2o molecules

26
Q

Criteria for potable water

A
  • levels of dissolved substances must be low
  • pH of 6.5-8.5
  • no micro organisms like bacteria or fungi
27
Q

Adv and dis of surface water

A

Easy to access
Replaced frequently by rain
Can dry up from sun

28
Q

How to treat fresh water

A
  • fresh water goes through wire mesh to filter out big things like twigs
  • pass it out through bed of sand and gravel to filter out small solid bits
  • sterilise it to kill harmful microbes like bacteria
    Can be done by:
  • bubbling chlorine gas through it
  • exposing it to ozone or ultra violet light
29
Q

Describe desalination

A

Extract potable water from sea water
Really expensive as requires loads of energy and impractical

30
Q

Describe reverse osmosis

A
  • salty water passed through membrane that only allows water molecules to pass through
    = means ions and larger molecules get trapped and separated from the water
    = makes pure distilled water
31
Q

How sewage treatment works

A
  • screening sewage to remove anything large like twigs or bottles
    ( passing sewage though a mesh)
  • let sewage sit in sediment tank
    = undergo sedimentation
    ( heavier solids sink to bottom to form sludge)
  • left with effluent at top
  • separate into separate tanks
  • breakdown matter by biological breakdown by microbes
  • effluent aerobic conditions
    = pump air into tank
  • sludge anaerobic conditions
    = keep tank sealed so little or no oxygen can get through
    = produces methane so but be captured and burned as energy source and remaining waste used as fertiliser
32
Q

How to remove toxic substances

A

Adding chemicals
Ultra violet radiation

33
Q

Reasons for using gold in industrial production

A

gold is the only catalyst for some reactions catalysts are not used up
improves speed of reaction
reduces amount of energy

34
Q

Examples of earths resources and uses

A

Trees
= timber and fuels
Wood chips
= power stations run on biofuels
Natural rubber comes from sap of a tree

35
Q

Describe synthetic rubber

A

Made of crude oil

36
Q

Describe finite

A

Can’t be replaced as quickly as being used
Eg fossil fuels

37
Q

Describe process of waste water treatment

A
  • sewage is screened by passing through a mesh
  • this removed solids and pieces of grit
  • now sewage can settle in large sedimentation tanks
    = produces liquid effluent and a semi sludge which sinks
  • sludge taken away and digested by anaerobic bacteria
  • in absence of oxygen these bacteria produce biogas which can be burned for electricity
  • at end digested sludge used as fertilisers for farming
38
Q

How to reduce toxic chemicals in liquid effluent

A
  • air is bubbled though liquid effluent
    = allows aerobic bacteria to multiply
  • in presence of oxygen bacteria digest organic molecules and harmful microorganisms
  • after this liquid effluent can be safely discharged into near rivers or sea
39
Q

Easiest way to produce potable water

A

Use ground water from aquifers

40
Q

Dis of desalination

A

Requires a lot of energy
= very expensive

41
Q

How to make an alloy

A

Melting our metals and mixing in other elements
= allow alloy to cool

Chemistry Paper 2 (27 decks)

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