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Bonding, Structure and Properties of Matter > Using Resources > Flashcards

Using Resources Flashcards

1
Q

what are ceramics?

A
  • non-metal solids
  • with high mpts
  • not made from carbon based compounds
  • insulators
  • brittle
  • stiff
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2
Q

what are ceramics made from clay?

give examples of its uses

A
  • soft
  • from ground
  • mouldable
  • fired at high temps to harden
  • pottery/bricks
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3
Q

what are ceramics made from glass?

A
  • transparent
  • moulded when hot
  • brittle when thin
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4
Q

how to make soda-lime glass?

how to make borosilicate glass?

A
  • heat mixture of limestone, sand, sodium carbonate til melts cools to glass
  • higher mpt and uses sand and boron trioxide
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5
Q

what are composites?

what do their properties depend on?

A
  • materials embedded in another
  • properties of materials used
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6
Q

explain fiberglass

A
  • fibres of glass embedded in plastic polymer matrix
  • low density like plastic
  • very strong like glass
  • used in skis/boats/surfboards
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7
Q

explain carbon fibre composites

give examples of its uses

A
  • plastic polymer matrix
  • reinforcement either carbon nanotubes
  • or carbon fibres: long carbon chains bonded together
  • very strong and light
  • aerospace/sportscar manufacturing
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8
Q

explain concrete composites

A
  • aggregate (sand and gravel) embedded in cement
  • very strong
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9
Q

explain natural wood composite

A
  • cellulose fibres
  • held together by organic polymer matrix
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10
Q

what influences properties of polymers?

A
  • how its made
  • what its made from
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11
Q

what does the properties of poly(ethene) depend on?

A
  • catalyst
  • reaction conditions
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12
Q

low density poly(ethene) is made from ethene at…

A
  • moderate temp
  • high pressure
  • catalyst
  • flexible

used for bags and bottles

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13
Q

high density poly(ethene) is made from ethene at…

A
  • lower temp
  • lower pressure
  • different catalyst
  • more rigid
  • used for tanks/drainpipes
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14
Q

the monomers that a polymer is made from determines…

A

type of bonds that form between polymer chains

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15
Q

thermosoftening polymers contain…

A
  • individual polymer chains entwined
  • weak forces b/t chains
  • melt plastic and remould
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16
Q

thermosetting polymers contains…

A
  • monomers which cross-link b/t polymer chains
  • hold in solid structure
  • don’t soften when heated
  • strong
  • hard
  • rigid
17
Q

what are properties of polymers?

A
  • insulators
  • flexible
  • easily moulded
18
Q

what are properties of metal?

A
  • malleable
  • good conductor
  • ductile
  • stiff
  • shiny
19
Q

make bronze alloy?

properties?

uses?

A
  • copper + tin
  • harder than copper
  • statues
20
Q

make brass alloy?

properties?

uses?

A
  • copper + zinc
  • more malleable than bronze
  • lower friction required in taps
21
Q

make gold alloy?

carats?

uses?

A
  • pure gold soft so hardened with Zn, Cu, Ag
  • 18 carats= 18/24 pure gold
  • jewellery
22
Q

make aluminium alloy?

properties?

uses?

A
  • too soft so hardened with small amounts of other metals
  • low density
  • aircraft manufacture
23
Q

what are natural resources?

A
  • form without human input
  • from earth, sea, air
24
Q

alternative process of natural resources?

A
  • replaced by synthetic product or improved by man-made processes
  • rubber extracted from tree sap but manmade polymers used in tyres
25
Q

what is a renewable source?

A

-used up at same rate it is being replaced

26
Q

what is a non-renewable resource?

A

-used up faster than its being replaced

27
Q

give examples of non-renewable materials?

A
  • fossil fuel
  • nuclear fuel (uranium, plutonium)
  • minerals
  • metals found in ores
28
Q

what is sustainable development?

A
  • meets needs of present society
  • without damaging ability to meet same need in future generations
29
Q

what are examples of unsustainable processes?

what can u do to reduce it?

A
  • extraction: lots energy used and waste produced
  • processing resources into useful materials: energy from finite resources
  • use less
30
Q

how do chemists help sustainable developments?

give example

A
  • adapt to use less finite resources
  • reduce damage to environment
  • e.g catalysts reduce energy needed
31
Q

extracting from low-grade ores using bioleaching?

A
  • convert Cu compounds into soluble ones to seperate from ore
  • leachate has Cu2+ extracted by electrolysis
  • or displaced with more reactive iron
32
Q

extracting from low-grade ores using phytomining?

A
  • grow plants in Cu soil
  • builds in leaves
  • harvested, dried, burned in furnace
  • ash has soluble Cu compounds extracted by electrolysis
  • or displacement with more reactive iron
33
Q

advantage to bioleaching and phytomining compared to traditional methods?

disadvantage?

A
  • smaller impact to environment
  • slow
34
Q

why is mining and extracting metals bad?

why is recycling better?

A
  • lots of energy from fossil fuels
  • less energy needed
  • conserves finite material
  • less waste sent to landfill
35
Q

how are metals recycled?

A
  • melting then casting into shape
36
Q

how is recycling glass sustainable?

A
  • less energy needed to make glass
  • less waste created when used glass thrown away
37
Q

how is glass recycled?

A
  • bottles reused
  • seperated by colour/chemical composition
  • crushed, melted, reshaped
  • e.g bottles, jars, insulating glass wool

Bonding, Structure and Properties of Matter (11 decks)

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