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Bonding, Structure and Properties of Matter > Atmosphere > Flashcards

Atmosphere Flashcards

1
Q

how was the early atmosphere formed?

what did it contain?

A
  • volcanic activity
  • mostly CO2
  • no oxygen
  • small traces: methane, ammonia, water
  • nitrogen built up
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2
Q

how did oceans form?

A
  • vapour in atmosphere condensed
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3
Q

how did oceans help to reduce CO2 levels in the atmosphere?

A
  • CO2 dissolve
  • reactions form carbon precipitates (sediments on seabed)
  • marine animals evolved: carbonates in shell and skeleton
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4
Q

explain how carbon becomes locked up in rocks and fossil fuels when organisms die

A
  • die and fall to seabed
  • buried by layers of sediment
  • over time compressed form sedimentary rocks, oil, gas
  • traps carbon within them
  • reduces CO2 levels
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5
Q

how is crude oil and natural gas formed?

A
  • plankton deposits form reserviors under seabed
  • when they get trapped in rocks
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6
Q

how is coal formed?

A
  • sedimentary rock
  • thick plant deposits
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7
Q

how is limestone formed?

A
  • sedimentary rock
  • calcium carbonate from shells and skeletons of marine animals
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8
Q

what has caused the presence of oxygen in the atmosphere?

A
  • 2.7 bil years ago: algae evolved to carry out photosynthesis
  • then plants
  • oxygen levels increased so more complex life could evolve
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9
Q

what is the symbol equation of photosynthesis?

A

6CO2 + 6H2O –> C6H12O6 +6O2

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10
Q

what is the composition of today’s atmosphere?

A
  • nitrogen: 80%
  • oxygen: 20%
  • greenhouse gases and water: under 1%
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11
Q

what is the major source of atmospheric pollutants?

A
  • combustion of fossil fuels
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12
Q

what do fossil fuels release when undergone incomplete combustion?

A
  • carbon particulates
  • unburnt fuel
  • CO
  • CO2
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13
Q

how does carbon particulates cause problems?

A
  • respiratory problems: when inhaled damages lung
  • global dimming: CO clouds reflect light back to space, less light reaches earth
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14
Q

how does carbon monoxide cause problems?

A
  • binds to haemoglobin in blood so less oxygen carried around body: fainting, coma, death
  • colourless and odourless so hard to detect
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15
Q

how is sulfur dioxide produced?

A
  • fossil fuels with sulfur impurities combust and oxidise
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16
Q

how is nitrogen oxides produced?

A
  • nitrogen reacts with oxygen in air at high temp
  • internal combustion engine in car
17
Q

how is acid rain formed?

A
  • SO2 and NO2 mix with clouds
  • dilute sulfuric and nitric acid
  • fall as acid rain
    *
18
Q

how does acid rain cause problems?

A
  • kills plants
  • damages statues and buildings
  • corrodes metal
  • respiratory problems

Bonding, Structure and Properties of Matter (11 decks)

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