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Sociology > Using Research methods > Flashcards

Using Research methods Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Researchers who use qualitative method usually use what?

A

Surveys

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2
Q

For it to be _______ participants has to come from ________

A

Generalizable, Random Samples (Bc random samples gives everyone a chance)

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3
Q

Longitudinal Study

A

Studies that are carried out over a longer time period with the researcher going back to collect more data

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4
Q

Attribute

A

Answers to categories ( Ex. If you asked a person if they lived in a dorm, on campus, or away from family each 3 optionis an attribute)

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5
Q

An experimental group

A

Group that is exposed to some sort of treatment or manipulation

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6
Q

Observation

A

When researchers simply observe as a spectator

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7
Q

What are the two types of data analysis techniques ?

A
  1. Qualitative Methods
  2. Quantitative Methods
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8
Q

Applied research

A

research that produces results that can be used to solve problems (like finding a new cure)

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9
Q

When you ______ you develop a set of instructions for how to measure you concepts

A

Operationalize (Like if you wanted to measure altheic profrmance in highschool altheles would have a clear way of how to meausre althietic proformance)

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10
Q

Literature Review

A

Finding information about a research question from reading other scholars literature’s

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11
Q

Reliability

A

The extent to which research reuslts are consistent ( Able to reproduce the same result each time)

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12
Q

What are the 3 conditions for demstrating causation?

A
  1. Must demonstrate that supposed cause is associated with the supposed effect (If a change in the “cause” occurs then a change in the “effect” must occur too)
  2. Must show that cuases come before the effect
  3. Researchers must be able to eliminate all other possible alternative explanations for the effect
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13
Q

Field research

A

Would be like partcipant- observation which is a qualitative research method

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14
Q

What are the two types of statistics of Quantitative Analysis?

A
  1. Descriptive Statistics
  2. Explanatory Statistics
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15
Q

Sociological research use ___________

A

Scientific research method

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16
Q

Basic Research

A

Research used to gain more knowledge about something

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17
Q

Comparative- historical research

A

When researchers look at documents from the past

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18
Q

Data Analysis

A

The process of reducing data collected to the ones that can provide conclusion

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19
Q

Survey

A

Prewritten questions & asks people to answer them (ususally mutliple choice but can have other forms also)

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20
Q

Inductive research

A

Gather data first & then use the data to form new ideas & undertsandings

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21
Q

Participant - Observation

A

Where they observe actions & interactions while participating with the group they are studying & is a qualative research method that seeks to observe social actions in practice

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22
Q

Samples can either be ______ or ______

A

Random or Nonrandom

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23
Q

Represntative

A

The nonrandom particpants have characterisitics typical of people in broader population

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24
Q

Data

A

Is any form of information like facts, statics, quotes, etc

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25
Q

Hypothesis

A

Prediction about what they may find in their research (If this happens then this will happen)

26
Q

Causation

A

Whether changing one variable causes any chances to another variable

27
Q

Generalizability

A

To assume that the patterns & relationships oberved among the sample would be true for a broader population

28
Q

Control group

A

Group that doesnt experience the expose to the treatment variable

29
Q

In a controlled lab experiment what two groups that researchers compare?

A
  1. An experimental group
  2. Control group
30
Q

Normative statements

A

statements where you express your opinion (usually have the word “should” in them)

31
Q

Theories

A

Help sociologists to notice & understand social patterns in society

32
Q

Scientific research requires you to move beyound being only a _______ of knowledge & become a ________ of knowledge

A

Consumer, Producer

33
Q

Descriptive Statistics

A

Describe data like finding the average of answers or finding the mode, median, or standard deviatition

34
Q

Only way to show causation is in a _________

A

In a controlled lab experiment

35
Q

In ___________ researcher build on exisiting theories to develop hypothesis

A

Deductive Research

36
Q

Deductive Research

A

Begins with a general idea or predicition then gather data to test the idea

37
Q

Institutional Review Board (IRB)

A

Ensure the rights of humans subjects are properly protected

38
Q

Operationalize

A

The process of turning an absent concept into a concrete measurement

39
Q

Variables

A

Are factors that are likely to change within the study

40
Q

Validity

A

Refers to whether the research results accurately reflects the things being studied

41
Q

Constants

A

Are factors that stay the same

42
Q

Research

A

The systematic process of data collection for the purpose of producing knowledge

43
Q

________ of knowledge do research to find out things we dont already know (Find new things)

A

Producers

44
Q

What is the most common form of data collection?

A

Asking people questions

45
Q

Explanatory Statisitcs

A

Statistics designed to measure the relationship between different elements with the data

46
Q

What are the two things concepts can turn into when operationalize?

A
  1. Constant
  2. Variable
47
Q

Qualitative Methods

A

Methods that attempt to collect information about the social world that can’t be converted to number (like words or pictures)

48
Q

Scientific Method

A

Process of steps researchers from the development of a research question to through the clollection & analysis of data

49
Q

Why do we do research?

A

To see if our perspections are accurate or not

50
Q

Ethnography

A

Research that systematically studies how groups of people live & make meaning by understanding the group from its own point of view

51
Q

Hypothesis are things that can be expected to ______

A

To test

52
Q

Random Samples

A

Everyone who meets the requirements for particapation in a study has an equal chance of being picked (Everyone has a chance)

53
Q

Research question

A

Clear question about what it is that the researcher plans to study

54
Q

Qualitative coding

A

Descriptive labels are applied to sections of text or images so that they can be classified into catogorizes

55
Q

Empirical Statements

A

Statements that could hypothetically be proven as true or false (possible facts)

56
Q

Cross-sectional study

A

Studies that are carried out in a particular point of time & designed to explore & be explained during that period of time

57
Q

Sampling

A

The process of selecting respondents for the reserch project

58
Q

What are the 3 factors that can be used to determine how good research is?

A
  1. Generalized
  2. Reliable
  3. Valid
59
Q

Informed Consent

A

Requires that participants are told the purpose of the research, what they will be asked to do, & any risks of harm before participating & must be given a chance to withdraw from participating at anytime

60
Q

Quantitative Methods

A

Methods that seek to obtain information about the social world that is already either in numbers or can be converted to numbers

61
Q

Nonrandom Samples

A

Used when a random sample can’t be used (Like if you was doing a study on students who do long distance relationship would have to do a nonrandom sample)

Sociology (8 decks)

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