Using non-human animals in research

Question 1

What are the 2 ways animals are used

Answer 1

• Comparative psychology

- Ethological psychology

Question 2

What is Comparative psychology

Answer 2

Study of non-human animals with the intention of comparing them to humans

Question 3

What is Ethological psychology

Answer 3

Study animals in natural environment without influencing their behaviour

Question 4

Things to talk about in Comparative psychology

Answer 4

• Harry harlows monkeys

- Evaluate harlow - harm, improved lives of monkeys and humans, monkeys were scarred for life, results not generalizable

Question 5

Things to talk about in Ethological psychology

Answer 5

• Lorenz - goslings hatching, followed him as that was first thing they saw
• Helped understanding of emotional development
• Dian Fossey - observed gorillas in natural habitat
• No harm done to the animals

Question 6

3 R’s for working with animals

Answer 6

Replace - with alternatives
reduce - number of animals used
Refine - procedures to minimise suffering

Question 7

Negatives of laws

Answer 7

• legislation just makes it legal to imprison, and kill animals
• British law requires all new drugs have to be tested on 2 live animals

Question 8

Arguments for

Answer 8

• Utilitarian
• Very scientific and reliable
• More ethical than using humans
• Humans are superior
• Use animals for therapy - no physical harm

Question 9

Arguments against

Answer 9

• Absolutist - all animals have right to be treated with respect
• not generalizable
• Not valid consent, they should have same rights
• Animals for therapy, animals have no right to withdraw

Question 10

Bateson when to use animals

Answer 10

1 Quality of research
2 Certainty of benefit to humans
3 Degree of suffering

Only when 1 and 2 are high and 3 is low should animals be used