Using Counseling Theories

Question 1

found evidence to ­suggest that researchers examining culture in the United States tended to favor cultural explanations for racial or ethnic minorities while favoring psychological explanations for White participants

Answer 1

Causadias

Question 2

Suggest that relational perception measures completed by clients, observers, and counselors were good ­predictors of client outcomes across theoretical orientations and presenting problems, indicating the importance of diversity considerations when considering the different forms empathy may take in the therapeutic alliance.

Answer 2

Elliot

Question 3

describes both our rationale and our action

Answer 3

Theoretical Orientation

Question 4

is comprised of personal constructs that are created within familial, cultural, and societal contexts and are typically constructed from five value orientations based on the Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck (1961) theoretical model:

Answer 4

Worldview

Question 5

identified nine basic assumptions that counselors use to create and support their approaches to counseling

Answer 5

Hjelle & Ziegler

Question 6

noted a link between a counselor’s personal helping philosophy and sound counseling theory, and in this way, as worldview expands from the individual to larger groups, theory can be born

Answer 6

Gladding