European Flashcards
As early as the 7th century BCE, Greeks referred to the part of the world they inhabited and its surroundings as…
Hellas
Who noted, “When compared to other cultural areas of the globe, such as the Middle East, the Indian Subcontinent, or China, western or central Europe exhibited distinct characteristics
European historian R. J. Bartlett (1994, p.1)
In fact, prior to the 15th century the collective we now call Europe was more often articulated as ______ , clearly signifying the centrality of Christianity as an inclusive/exclusive distinction
Christianitas
The English, who accounted for approximately __% of the European immigrants, were clearly dominant during this period and had the greatest influence over the creation of the political and social systems developing in the colonies
60%
What are some evidence of the productive life of a European?
With a focus on individuality and individual freedom, the strong “Protestant work ethic,” the rights to pursue wealth (and later, happiness), and external signs of success as evidence of a productive life
European immigration to the United States slowed in the early part of the __th century but rose again after the fall of communism in Eastern Europe
20
still represent the largest percentages of immigrants from any one European country
English & German Immigrants
made up the largest share of immigrants from any region in 2016.
Polish, Russian, Ukraine
This is is most clearly used to describe an individual learning the values, attitudes, beliefs, behaviors, and rituals associated with one’s primary culture, typically the culture into which one was born
Enculturation
generally refers to encounters between primary cultures resulting in changes of cultural values or beliefs as well as behaviors, although there is still a lack of consensus on the definition
Acculturation
is used to describe the larger racial group
White
although commonly used to describe the privileged racialized group, will not be used because Caucasian is, in fact, an ethnic group of people traditionally from the isthmus between the Black and Caspian Seas
Caucasian
will be used generally to refer to individuals living in the United States who are recent immigrants from or identify closely with their European heritage in terms of values, traditions, and worldview. When talking about specific examples
European American
will be used to describe individuals of European and European American descent who identify themselves as American ethnically and who have adopted the culture, traditions, and values of the dominant culture in the United States
White American
pot was commonly used as a metaphor to describe the process of combining a variety of cultural backgrounds and beliefs to create a new, virtuous (i.e., White American) culture, with the idea being it’s okay to be different, as long as one accepts mainstream (e.g., White Protestant) values
Melting Pot
The popular notion of the United States as a melting pot began to dissolve during
Civil Rights Movement of 1960
where several different ethnic flavors coexist and add to the overall culinary gestalt while maintaining their own distinct characteristics.
Salad Bowl
is the manifestation of White American cultural values, and it reinforces the notion of the United States as a utopia
The American Dream
where individual success is based on personal skills, abilities, and work ethic, rather than on external factors
Meritocracy
As part of a rise in nationalism in the early ___’s , the U.S. Department of Defense began funding the preservation of war monuments, which began the process of creating a collective memory and the beginning of a defined “national heritage
1900’s
argued that White supremacy not only remains invisible but draws its power and benefits from its invisibility.
Applebaum
The idea of race as a physical reality began to emerge in the __th century, when the Anglican settlers in the colonies constructed the idea that “Black” Africans were a separate and weaker race from “White” Europeans, thereby justifying their enslaving of the Africans
17th
What made Americans take a far more accepting view of others?
particularly World War II, and the genocide based on ethnicity prompted many Americans to take a far more accepting view of others
would often go “underground” and hide or deny their ethnic heritage by assimilating into the White American ethnicity
German & Italian
In addition, a new, vast middle class was created when soldiers, who were largely uneducated, came home and attended college under
The GI Bill
