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Prelims > Uself > Flashcards

Uself Flashcards

1
Q

Is the study of the ultimate nature of existence, reality, knowledge, and goodness, as discoverable by human reasoning.

A

Philosophy

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2
Q

What are the Greek root words of Philosophy?

A

Philo and Sophos (Sophia)

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3
Q

What does Philo mean?

A

Love

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4
Q

What does Sophos (Sophia) mean?

A

Wisdom

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5
Q

Believed “Knowing Yourself” is where we get our sense of self

A

Socrates

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6
Q

Who believed that death is not the end of existence?

A

Socrates

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7
Q

Who said ,” just because something seems true does not mean it is true?”

A

Socrates

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8
Q

Which Philosopher believes that the soul is immortal and separated from the body? Resembling the idea of reincarnation.

A

Plato

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9
Q

Plato said the human soul or psyche is divided into three parts, which are?

A

Rational Soul
Spirited Soul
Appetitive Soul

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10
Q

Who also asserted that the soul is immortal like Plato, but does not believe in the concept of reincarnation, instead the purpose of a person is to attain spiritual union with God.

A

Augustine

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11
Q

Which philosopher held a burning hand as a form of symbolism?

A

Augustine

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12
Q

Asserted that self-knowledge can answer the question “Who am I.”

A

Thomas Aquinas

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13
Q

Father of Modern Philosophy

A

Rene Descartes

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14
Q

A principle where the mind is somehow separate from the physical attributes of the body.

A

Dualism

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15
Q

Which Philosophers are dualistic?

A

Socrates, Plato, Augustine, Rene Descartes

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16
Q

Who coined the principle of Dualism

A

Rene Descartes

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17
Q

Believes that the Body is but a machine and the Mind is the unseen creation.

A

Rene Descartes

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18
Q

Who quoted, “I think therefore I am”?

A

Rene Descartes

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19
Q

Which Philosopher believes that memories give us our identity?

A

John Locke

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20
Q

This Philosopher was an Empiricist

A

David Hume

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21
Q

David Hume categorized experiences into two, which are?

A

Impressions and Ideas

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22
Q

According to David Hume, this is everything that originates from our senses.

A

Impressions

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23
Q

According to David Hume, these are faint images of thinking and reasoning based on impressions.

A

Ideas

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24
Q

Believes the sense of self depends on how our mind put impressions together and makes sense of them as “me”

A

David Hume

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25
Q

Agrees with David Hume that everything starts with perception and impressions but emphasizes on Rationalism.

A

Immanuel Kent

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26
Q

Theory which states that reason is the foundation of all knowledge rather that experience

A

Rationalism

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27
Q

What are the two forms of self proposed by Immanuel Kent. Give a brief description of the two.

A

Inner Self - is comprised of our psychological state and our rational intellect

Outer Self - includes our sense and the physical world

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28
Q

Who quoted, “ I act therefore I am.”

A

Gilbert Ryle

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29
Q

Who believes that behavior and actions give us our sense of self

A

Gilbert Ryle

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30
Q

According to Gilbert Ryle the fact that mind does not exist separately from the body is a what?

A

Category Mistake

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31
Q

Gilbert Ryle believed that the _________ does not exist

A

Mind

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32
Q

Proposed that the physical brain is where we get our sense of self.

A

Paul Churchland

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33
Q

A principle where nothing but matter exists

A

Eliminative Materialism (Paul Churchland)

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34
Q

Proposed that the mind and the body are intertwined

A

Maurice Merleau- Ponty

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35
Q

Maurice’s philosophy that the mind and body are intertwined contradicts what other principles?

A

Empiricism and Rationalism

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36
Q

Is the study of human social relationships and institutions

A

Sociology

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37
Q

Is the systematic study of humanity, evolutionary origins, social existence across the world and through time

A

Anthropology

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38
Q

What are the 6 characteristics that Stevens proposed that the self is commonly defined by?

A
  1. Separate
  2. Self-contained
  3. Independent
  4. Consistent
  5. Unitary
  6. Private
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39
Q

Who proposed the principle of Social Constructionist Perspective?

A

Stevens

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40
Q

It is the merged view of the person and emphasizes that the self is multi-faced and the soul is not a static entity.

A

Social Constructionist Perspective

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41
Q

According to Marcel Mauss, every self has two faces, the _______ and the __________.

A

Moi and Personne

42
Q

According to Marcel Mauss, this refers to a person’s sense of who he is.

A

Moi

43
Q

According to Marcel Mauss, it is comprised of the social concepts of what it means to be who he is.

A

Personne

44
Q

George Herbert Mead proposed what theory?

A

Social Self Theory

45
Q

A principle wherein it is believed that the sense of self is developed through social interactions

A

Social Self Theory

46
Q

George Herbert Mead said that the self is not yet present at _______

A

Birth

47
Q

What are the 3 activities to develop the self according to George Herbert Mead?

A
  1. Language
  2. Play
  3. Games
48
Q

Charles Cooley proposed the principle Looking Glass wherein people develop a sense of self with what 3 elements?

A
  1. How we imagine we appear to others
    2.Judgement we imagine that other people may be making about is
    3.Self-image based upon the evaluations of others
49
Q

Is a group of people affiliated by a specific relationship.

A

Family

50
Q

What are the 6 types of family?

A
  1. Nuclear Family
  2. Single Parent
  3. Extended Family
  4. Childless Family
  5. Stepfamily
  6. Grandparent Family
51
Q

It is the biological term for a person’s genetic condition of being male or female

A

Sex

52
Q

It is the social interpretation that varies across cultures

A

Gender

53
Q

This contributes to how an individual interacts with other. Social construct determined by a person’s ancestral origins, culture, and physical attributes inherited from their ancestors

A

Ethnicity

54
Q

Defines a person’s identity within his or her larger community

A

Nationality

55
Q

Scientific study of the human mind and its function, especially those affecting behavior in a given context

A

Psychology

56
Q

“Father of American Psychology”

A

William James

57
Q

According to William James, there self has two aspects, which are?

A

I-self and Me-self

58
Q

According to William James, this is a reflection of what people see in one’s actions in the physical world

A

I-self

59
Q

According to William James, this represents an individual’s reflection about themselves

A

Me-self

60
Q

According the Carl Rogers, what are the 3 contributing components to the development of the sense of self?

A
  1. Self Image
  2. Self-esteem
  3. Ideal Self
61
Q

This is a positive self-concept by comparing ourselves with those who are worse off than us

A

Downward social comparison

62
Q

This is comparing ourselves with those who are better off than us

A

Upward social comparison

63
Q

This theory is when we can feel threatened when someone outperforms us, especially when that person is close to us we either:
1. distance ourselves
2. reconsider the importance where we were outperformed
3. strengthen our resolve to improve

A

Self-Esteem and Self-Evaluation Maintenance Theory

64
Q

Overly high self-esteem, self-value, or self-importance

A

Narcissism

65
Q

Proposed the theory, Psychoanalytic Theory

A

Sigmund Freud

66
Q

This theory states that the personality is composed of three elements known as id, ego, and superego

A

Psychoanalytic Theory

67
Q

According to Sigmund Freud’s theory of Psychoanalytic Theory, this is the first part of the self to develop, includes our desires and wants, and is considered the little devil on our shoulder

A

Id

68
Q

According to Sigmund Freud’s theory of Psychoanalytic Theory, this functions in reality to distinguish the right and wrong, and is the gatekeeper of id and superego

A

Ego

69
Q

According to Sigmund Freud’s theory of Psychoanalytic Theory, this is the irrational view of perfection and is the little angel on our shoulder

A

Superego

70
Q

This principle states that the identity of a person develops in a continuity of consciousness

A

Unified Self

71
Q

Which philosophers are unified?

A

Descartes and Locke

72
Q

This principle states that self is not one thing, but a complex of multiple definitions and parts

A

Multiple self

73
Q

A multiple self domain that states the part of you that disappears when you enter a deep sleep and flashes on and off as you dream and then come back again as you wake

A

Experimental self

74
Q

A multiple self domain that states this is the “interpreter” part of your being that narrates and makes sense of what I going on

A

Private Self

75
Q

A multiple self domain that states this is the person that you attempt to project to others

A

Public self

76
Q

Identify if this is a western or Eastern thought about the self:
Self is based on individualism

A

Western

77
Q

Identify if this is a western or Eastern thought about the self:
Dominated by “we” idea

A

Eastern

78
Q

Identify if this is a western or Eastern thought about the self:
Autonomous relative to others and the environment

A

Western

79
Q

Identify if this is a western or Eastern thought about the self:
The self is part of a larger network of people who all help shape each other

A

Eastern

80
Q

Identify if this is a western or Eastern thought about the self:
We are separate and unique from each other

A

Western

81
Q

Identify if this is a western or Eastern thought about the self:
Values competition is straightforward

A

Western

82
Q

Identify if this is a western or Eastern thought about the self:
Emphasizes on hierarchy

A

Eastern

83
Q

Identify if this is a western or Eastern thought about the self:
Collectivism culture

A

Eastern

84
Q

Identify if this is a western or Eastern thought about the self:
Individualistic Culture

A

Western

85
Q

Identify if this is a western or Eastern thought about the self:
Values cooperation

A

Eastern

86
Q

An Eastern Religion most commonly in India and Sri Lanka

A

Hinduism

87
Q

Hinduism revolves around what two principles? Describe each.

A

Brahman - considered as the sacred god spirit or the universe
Atman - which is the human soul or the self

88
Q

In this religion, self is often thought of as an illusion.

A

Buddhism

89
Q

What are the two concepts that are agreed on in most Buddhist branches?

A

Interconnectedness and Lack of Self

90
Q

What is the term for heaven in Buddhism?

A

Nirvana

91
Q

What religion has no deity and is more of a code of conduct rather than a religion?

A

Confucianism

92
Q

This is the supreme goal of being a “gentleman”, a characteristic of Chin-tzu in Confucianism

A

Self-cultivation

93
Q

This religion stresses importance of living simple, honestly, and in harmony with nature. Is referred to as “the way”

A

Taoism

94
Q

What are three of the most important tenets of Taoism?

A
  1. The First Principle
  2. The Yin-Yang classification
  3. The We Wei concept
95
Q

This context is when people should “say what they mean and mean what they say”

A

Low-context

96
Q

Identify if this is a high or low context:

People should “say what they mean and mean what they say”

A

Low-context

97
Q

Identify if this is a high or low context:

Pays attention to what isn’t said as much or what is said and a great deal of attention is put where people are seated

A

High-context

98
Q

Identify if this is a high or low context:

The information conveyed is implicit

A

High-context

99
Q

Identify if this is a high or low context:

The information conveyed is Explicit

A

Low-context

100
Q

Identify if this is a high or low context:

Relationships are stable

A

High-context

101
Q

Identify if this is a high or low context:

Relationships are short-lived

A

Low-context

Prelims (4 decks)

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