TFN Flashcards
Who began to assume the great significance of providing a clean and healthy environment to achieve recovery of patients and continues up to present
Florence Nightlingale
Florence Nightingale served during what war
Crimean War
Historical Eras
Identify the Historical Era:
Major Question:
What curriculum content should nurses study to be nurses
Emphasis:
Courses included in nursing programs
Outcomes:
Standardized curricula for diploma programs
Emerging Goal:
Develop specialized knowledge and higher education
Curriculum Era 1900 to 1940
Identify the Historical Era:
Major Question:
What is the focus for nursing research?
Emphasis:
Role of nurses and what to research
Outcomes:
Problem studies and studies of nurses
Emerging Goal:
Isolated studies do not yield unified knowledge
Research Era 1950 to 1970
Identify the Historical Era:
Major Question:
What knowledge is needed for the practice of nursing
Emphasis:
Carving out an advanced role and basis for nursing practice
Outcomes:
Nurses have an important role in health care
Emerging Goal:
Focus graduate education on knowledge development
Graduate Education Era 1950 to 1970
Identify the Historical Era:
Major Question:
How do these frameworks guide research practice?
Emphasis:
There are many ways to think about nursing
Outcomes:
Nursing theoretical works shift focus to the patient
Emerging Goal:
Theories guide nursing research and practice
Theory Era 1980 to 1990
Identify the Historical Era:
Major Question:
What new theories are needed to produce evidence of quality care?
Emphasis:
Nursing theory guides research, practice, education, and administration
Outcomes:
Middle-range theory may be from quantitative or qualitative approaches
Emerging Goal:
Nursing frameworks produce knowledge for quality care
Theory Utilization Era 21st Century
Identify whether the statement is Nursing as a Discipline or Profession:
Specific to academia and refers to a branch of
education, a department of learning or a domain of
knowledge
Discipline
Identify whether the statement is Nursing as a Discipline or Profession:
Discipline or Profession:
Refers to a specialized field of practice founded on the
theoretical structure of the science or knowledge of the
discipline and accompanying practice abilities.
Profession
Identify whether the statement is Nursing as a Discipline or Profession:
Branch of education; theoretical works leading to higher
level of education and practice.
Discipline
Identify whether the statement is Nursing as a Discipline or Profession:
Functional Focus (what nurses do) – knowledge
focus or what nurses know and how they use them for
thinking and decision making while taking care of a
patient. (example: Nursing)
Discipline
Identify whether the statement is Nursing as a Discipline or Profession:
Knowledge of persons, health and environment forms
the basis for nursing as a discipline
Discipline
Identify whether the statement is Nursing as a Discipline or Profession:
Knowledge of that discipline and accompanying
practice abilities.
Profession
Identify whether the statement is Nursing as a Discipline or Profession:
Kuhn – stated, “the study of paradigms is what mainly
prepares the student for membership in a particular
scientific community with which he / she will practice.
By studying and practicing with them, the clients or
community involved learn their trade.
Discipline
Identify whether the statement is Nursing as a Discipline or Profession:
Recognition and respect for their scholarly disciplined
contribution to the health of society
Profession
Meaning knowledge, understanding. Concerned with the theory of knowledge in philosophical inquiry or how knowledge came to be
Epistemology
Identify whether the statement is Rationalism or Empiricism:
Way of looking at reality using the five senses.
Empiricism
Identify whether the statement is Rationalism or Empiricism:
Prior reasoning- utilizes deductive: cause to effect or general to particular
Rationalism
Identify whether the statement is Rationalism or Empiricism:
An object is real in so far as seen, felt, smelled, tasted, heard
Empiricism
Identify whether the statement is Rationalism or Empiricism:
Use of the rational senses in ensuring the truthfulness of a phenomenon
Rationalism
Identify whether the statement is Rationalism or Empiricism:
A theory which states that knowledge comes only or primarily from sensory experience
Empiricism
Identify whether the statement is Rationalism or Empiricism:
Understand the whole first before you can appreciate the lesser parts
Rationalism
Identify whether the statement is Rationalism or Empiricism:
Knowledge is based on experience
Empiricism
Identify whether the statement is Rationalism or Empiricism:
Gather information more and observe facts before finally saying a theory exists
Empiricism
Identify whether the statement is Rationalism or Empiricism:
Regards reason as the chief reason as the chief source and test of knowledge
Rationalism
Identify whether the statement is Rationalism or Empiricism:
Any view appealing to reason as a source of knowledge or justification
Rationalism
Identify whether the statement is Rationalism or Empiricism:
Criterion of truth is not sensory but intellectual and deductive
Rationalism
Identify whether the statement is Rationalism or Empiricism:
Reynolds Research-then-theory strategy
Empiricism
Identify whether the statement is Rationalism or Empiricism:
is inductive
Empiricism
Statements in a theory may state definitions or relations among concepts
Relational statements
Relate concepts to one another permit analysis
Theoretical Statements
Relate concepts to measurements
Operational Statements
Are simple, true, universal and absolute
Scientific Laws
Accepted as true and proved
Theory
Has not been proved
Hypothesis
Founder of Modern Nursing
Florence Nightingale
Florence Nightingale
Modern Nursing and Environmental Theory
Fiver Essential Components of the Environmental Theory
- Pure Air
- Light
- Cleanliness
- Efficient Drainage
- Pure Water
Margaret Jean Harman Watson
Theory of Transpersonal Caring
What are the Three theoretical Assertions of Theory of Transpersonal Caring
- Trim - calls for nurses to go beyond procedures, tasks and techniques
- Core - aspects of nurse-patient relationship resulting in a therapeutic outcome
- Curing - elimination of disease
10 Carative Factors of Theory of Transpersonal Caring
- The formation of a humanistic-altruistic
system of values - The instillation of faith-hope
3.The cultivation of sensitivity to oneʼs self
and to others - Development of a helping-trusting, human
caring relation - The promotion and acceptance of the
expression of positive and negative
feelings - systematic use of a creative problem
solving caring process - The provision of supportive, protective, and
corrective mental, physical, societal, and
spiritual environment
8.The assistance with gratification
of human needs” - Allowance for existential-
phenomenological-spiritual
forces
?
Caritas Processes - involves being real, honest, genuine, and authentic
Congruence
Caritas Processes - is the ability to experience and thereby understanding the other person’s perceptions and feelings and to communicate those understandings
Empathy
Caritas Processes - is demonstrated by a moderate speaking volume, a relaxed open posture, and facial expressions that are congruent with other communications
Non-possessive warmth
Caritas Processes - has cognitive, affective, and behavior response components
Effective communication
Uses non-technical, sophisticated, fluid and evolutionary language
Clarity
Draws on a number of disciplines, the theory is more about being that about doing
Simplicity
Best understood as a moral and philosophical basis for nursing. Watson’s personal growth emphasis is a quality tat while appealing to some may not appeal to other
Generality
Acknowledges the evolving nature of the theory
Empirical Precision
Metaphysical orientation for the delivery of nursing care
Derivable Consequence
Marilyn Anne (Dee) Ray
Theory of Bureaucratic Caring
Theory of Bureaucratic Caring which involves creativity and revealed in attachment, love, and community
Spirituality
Theory of Bureaucratic Caring which is related to moral obligation towards others
Ethical
Theory of Bureaucratic Caring which includes formal and information programs, use of AV media to convey information and other teaching/sharing information r/t the meaning of caring
Educational
Theory of Bureaucratic Caring the physical state of being including biological and mental patterns
Physical
Theory of Bureaucratic Caring includes ethnicity and family structures, intimacy with friends and family communication; social interaction and support ; understanding interrelationships, involvement, and intimacy
Socio-cultural
Theory of Bureaucratic Caring which include nonhuman resources, such as the use of machinery to maintain the physiological well-being of the patient, diagnostic tests, pharmaceutical agents, and the knowledge and skill needed to use these resources
Technological
Theory of Bureaucratic Caring to the meaning of caring including money, budget, insurance systems, limitations and guidelines imposed by managed care organization
Economic
Theory of Bureaucratic Caring the power structure within health care administration and how it influences nursing
Political
Theory of Bureaucratic Caring Critique is defined clearly and consistent with definitions commonly used by practicing nurses
Clarity
Theory of Bureaucratic Caring which simplifies dynamics of complex bureaucratic organizations
Simplicity
Theory of Bureaucratic Caring that addresses the nature of nursing as caring, proposes that nurses are choice makers guided by spiritual-ethical caring
Generality
Theory of Bureaucratic Caring hat provides guidance for practice and enhance nurses’ understanding of dynamics of healthcare organizations
Accesibility
Theory of Bureaucratic Caring that is relevant to contemporary work world of nurses
Importance
Patricia Benner
Caring, Clinical Wisdom and Ethics in Nursing Practice
Identify the Skill Acquisition
-The person has no background experience of the situation
- context-free rules and objective attributes must be given to guide performance
- difficulty discerning relevant vs irrelevant aspects
- applies to students but can be applied to nurses placed in a situation completely foreign to them
Novice
Identify the Skill Acquisition :
- The person can demonstrate marginally acceptable performance
- has enough experience to grasp aspects of the situation
- guided by rules and oriented by task completion
- clinical situations are viewed as a test of their abilities and demands rather than in terms of patient needs and responses
Advanced Beginner
Identify the Skill Acquisition:
- defined by conscious and deliberate planning which aspects of current and future situations are important and which can be ignored
- display hyper-responsibility for the patient and exhibit an ever-present and critical view of self
- learner begins to recognize patterns and determine which element warrant attention
Competent
Identify the Skill Acquisition:
- perceives the situation as whole rather than in terms of aspects and the performance is guided by maxims
-recognizes the most salient aspects and has an intuitive grasp of the situation
- ability to see changing relevance in a situation including recognition and implementation of skilled responses
Proficient
Identify the Skill Acquisition:
- having an intuitive grasp of the situation and being able to identify the region of the problem without losing time considering a range of alternative diagnoses and solutions
- demonstrating a clinical grasp and resource based practice
- possessing embodied know-how -seeing the big picture
-seeing the unexpected
Expert
Kari Martinsen
Philosophy of Caring
Philosophy of Caring that requires at least 2 people
Relational
Philosophy of Caring that is about concrete and practical action
Practical
Philosophy of Caring which acknowledgement of the other in light of his situation
Moral
Philosophy of Caring:
- when empathy and reflection work together in such a way that caring can be expressed in nursing
- present in concrete situations and individual actions need to be accounted for
Moral Practice
Philosophy of Caring:
- demand professional knowledge which affords the view of the patient as a suffering person, and which protects his integrity
Person-oriented Professionalism
Philosophy of Caring:
- phenomenon that are beyond human control and influence and therefore sovereign
- includes openness, mercy, trust, hope, and love
Sovereign life utterances
Philosophy of Caring:
- Boundaries for which individuals much have respect
Untouchable Zone
Philosophy of Caring:
- given as a law of life concerning neighborly love which is a foundationally human
Vocation
Philosophy of Caring:
Being touched or moved by the suffering of the other and the situation the other experiences
- participatory event based on the reciprocation that unifies perception and understanding
Eye of the Heart
Philosophy of Caring:
- concerned with finding connections, and analyzing it into a system
alliance with modern natural science and technology
Registering Eye
Katie Eriksson
Theory of Caritative Caring
Theory of Caritative Caring:
were experience in connection with illness and treatment
Suffering Illness
Theory of Caritative Caring:
where the patient is expose to suffering caused by care of absence of care ( not be taken seriously, not to be welcomed, being blamed.)
Suffering Care
Theory of Caritative Caring
situation of being a patient
Suffering life
