Useful Vocabulary Flashcards
syntax
ordering of words in a sentence and how it achieves tone, meaning, and point of view
Diction
Word choice
style
describes how author uses language to get his point across
tone
attitude and mood created by style
point of view
stance/opinion revealed by style and tone
imagery
language used for sensual perception
hyperbole
exaggeration
understatement
presenting facts in a way that makes them seem less significant than they are
simile
comparing two objects using “like” or “as.”
metaphor
comparing objects not using “like” or “as”
symbol
a word that represents something other than itself
denotation
a word’s primary meaning (definition)
connotation
the vast range of other meanings a word suggests
oxymoron
an apparent contradiction of terms
paradox
an apparent contradiction of ideas or statements
personification
giving human qualities to an inanimate objects
rhetorical question
a question with an obvious answer
bombast
pompous language
metonymy
one term substituted for another term which is closely associated
synecdoche
metonymy restricted to a part signifying the whole
theme
general ideas
euphemism
words used to avoid employing an unpleasant or offensive term
verbal irony
stating something but meaning the opposite (sarcasm)
situational irony
a situation runs contrary to what is expected
satire
something portrayed in a way that is deliberately distorted to achieve comic effect.
Logos
appealing to reason and logic with hard facts, evidence, statistics, etc.
ethos
appeal to speaker’s credibility (expert or authority)
pathos
appealing to emotions, values, or desires of the audience.
cogent
convincing; reasonable
didactic
intended to instruct
lucid
easily understood; clear
arbiter
judge who decides disputed issue
exculpate
free from guilt or pain
incontrovertible
unable to be denied or disputed
substantiated
supported with proof or evidence; verified
vinidicated
freed from blame
quandary
state of uncertainty or perplexity
indolent
lazy
insipid
uninterresting; unchallenging
listless
lacking energy
torpor
laziness; inactivity; dullness
disparity
inequality in age, rank, or degree; difference
impinge
hinder; interfere with
sanction
economic or military measure put in place to punish another country
florid
describing flowery or elaborate speech
opulent
exhibiting a display of great wealth
ostentatious
describing a showy or pretentious display
poignant
profoundly moving; touching
ebullience
intense enthusiasm
effusive
emotionally unrestrained; gushy
egregious
conspicuously bad or offensive
frenetic
wildly excited or active
gratuitous
given freely; unearned unwarranted
auspicious
favorable; promising
benevolent
well-meaning; generous
benign
kind and gentle
mollify
to calm or soothe
reclamation
act of making something useful again
dubious
doubtful; of unlikely authenticity
spurious
not genuine
astute
shrewd; clever
clandestine
secretive