Useful Terminology Flashcards

Question

TDS

Answer 1

Total Dissolved Solids As a result - more and more low-quality wet steam will be generated. TDS above this range can cause foaming which will result in a carrying of the high concentration of TDS into the steam lines, valves, and steam traps. The increasing level of the TDS is known as “cycles of concentration.” This term is used very often in the operation and control of a boiler system. As a result - more and more low-quality wet steam will be generated and the boiler becomes more susceptible to scale, corrosion, and foaming.

Answer 2

Chelants Chelation depends on sequestration, whereby chemistries bind ions like calcium, magnesium, and iron and keep them in a soluble state. Cleaner boilers can more often be achieved with chelants than with any form of precipitating treatment. However, chelants are usually more expensive than phosphate programs since they react on a mole-to-mole basis.

Answer 3

A valve that removes air from the highest point of a coil or piping system.

Answer 4

Steam that is generated with mineral and chemical-free water to meet regulatory requirements for use in food, drug or medical, or HVAC humidification processes.

Answer 5

Exhaust Air

Answer 6

Outside Air

Answer 7

Supply Air

Answer 8

Installed on a horizontal piece of pipe that allows air to escape from piping.

Answer 9

The overall coefficient of heat transmission of materials such as floors, ceilings, or walls. Can be found in ASHRAE handbook.

Answer 10

Continuous Blow Down

Answer 11

Is used to refer to CBD systems. Boiler blowdown is water intentionally wasted from a boiler to avoid concentration of impurities during continuing evaporation of steam.

Answer 12

The intermintant removal of boiler water to remove sludge

Answer 13

The entrainment of water droplets in the steam leaving the boiler drum.

Answer 14

Used to remove greasy contaminants from the waterside of a boiler by adding caustic soda and then heating the boiler.

Answer 15

A device that monitors the pilot and main flame of a furnace. the flame detector consists of ultraviolet (UV) and infrared (IR) sensors that are joined together in a single apparatus. UV sensors work by detecting the UV radiation emitted by the flame and are sensitive to a wide range of flammable fuels including hydrocarbons, sulfur, hydrazine, and ammonia.

Answer 16

The continuous formation of bubbles with sufficiently high surface tension. This interferes with the natural steam disengagement process and can result in priming.

Answer 17

Excess amounts of water droplets are carried with steam being produced causing wet steam. This is usually caused by foaming.

Answer 18

Silica gel is the most commonly used desiccant for dry boiler storage. A silicon oxide that readily adsorbs moisture, used as an air drying agent

Answer 19

A gauge used on hot water heating systems that indicates water pressure, water height/head, and water temperature.

Answer 20

A low-pressure vessel located between the evaporator and condenser that prevents liquid refrigerant from entering the compressor.

Answer 21

Those parts of a compression refrigeration systems exposed to the pressure of the evaporator, such as the accumulator

Answer 22

Those parts of a compression refrigeration systems exposed to the pressure of the condenser such as the liquid receiver

Answer 23

A refrigerant system that uses a secondary coolant or brine to cool the space.

Answer 24

A component of an absorption refrigeration system that separates dissolved refrigerant from an absorbent solution, through the application of heat. Also called a concentrator.

Answer 25

Net refrigeration effect: the heat absorbed by an evaporator during actual operating conditions.

Answer 26

The detrimental starting and stopping of equipment in a short period of time.

Answer 27

Cooling a liquid below its saturation temperature.

Answer 28

Heating a gas above its saturation temperature.

Answer 29

In water: the excess of hydrogen ions over hydroxide ions that occurs where pH is less than 7

Answer 30

The capcity of water to neutralize acids. This capacity is caused by the water's content of carbonate, bicarbonate, hydroxide, borate, silicate, and phosphate.

Answer 31

A broad category of ammonia-derived organic compounds that has various uses in power plants. Can be used to as an oxygen scavenger and to prevent corrosion.

Answer 32

Oxygen and Carbon dioxide | cause corrosion on waterside

Answer 33

Include calcium and magnesium salts that form scale

Answer 34

is the negative terminal of an electrolytic cell

Answer 35

The compound that binds cellulose fibers in wood. Or the glue that holds wood together.

Answer 36

Is a simple liquid trap located in the compressor suction line. It collects and holds the liquid refrigerant so that it does not enter the compressor. Heat absorbed through the accumulator walls vaporizes the trapped liquid and returns it into the compressor. Accumulators have no insulation other wise liquid refrigerant could build up and eventually enter the compressor suction line.

Answer 37

1) Reduces temperature of liquid refrigerant which Reduces flash gassing and increases NRE 2) Evaporates any liquid that still has not vaporized through the economizer, this prevents liquid slugging of the compressor

Answer 38

Only Steel

Answer 39

CSA 7.2 states that all parts that contain: liquid refrigerant Are larger then 152mm internal diameter or has a volume exceeding .085m^3 or parts that can be isolated Must be protected with a pressure relief device and these devices must discharge outside of the building

Answer 40

Is used to remove non-condensable (Air) gases that have leaked into the system through improper operation or maintenance of the system. These non-condensable gases increase the high side pressure that corresponds to the saturation temperature of the refrigerant. As pressure increases so does the temperature. In order for the system to condense the refrigerant is now consumes more power, reduces condenser capacity, and overstresses the compressor parts due to the higher temperature present.

Answer 41

Purgers refrigerate the mixture of refrigerant and on-0condensable gases (air). The resulting liquid refrigerant returns to the receiver and the non-condensable gases are vented to the atmosphere. Some purgers also eliminate water or moisture from the system.

Answer 42

Compression systems use mechanical energy (electric motor/steam turbine) to drive a compressor Absorption systems use heat energy to drive the refrigeration process but do not use compressors.

Answer 43

An increase in temperature will increase the amount of salt water can hold and the inverse is also true.

Answer 44

Occurs when the amount of salt that water can hold is exceeded. This can happen because either the temperature of the solution decreases, which reduces its capacity top hold salt. Or the amount of salt being added exceeds the waters maximum solubility level for the current temperature.

Answer 45

Ammonia Systems are used for cooling in industrial applications such as cold storage, food processing but not HVAC because of ammonia's toxic properties They use water as the absorber They are under pressure but not under vacuum Lithium bromide use water R-718 as its refrigerant and is used for HVAC service They are hermetically sealed, meaning they are completely seal welded All lithium bromide systems include internal purge systems to remove any air that may enter the system because of the vacuum required for operation They are kept under extreme vacuum because of R-718's properties and saturation temperatures required. Lithium bromide is used as the absorber

Answer 46

A camshaft is a rotating object— usually made of metal— that contains pointed cams, which converts rotational motion to reciprocal motion. Camshafts are used in internal combustion engines generally to reciprocate the intake and exhaust valves of the combustion chamber

Answer 47

Connects a piston to the crankshaft

Answer 48

When two fluids move in opposite directions from one another. Generally seen in heat exchangers

Answer 49

When two fluids move at 90 degrees in relation to one another. Can be seen in heat exchangers like cooling towers.

Answer 50

Removes water mist from the air before it can leave a cooling tower and enter the atmosphere.

Answer 51

Is an off-center mechanism that converts rotary motion into a reciprocating motion by virtue of having its rotational center located at a distance from the rotational center of the device to which it is attached. An example of this is a rotary vane pump

Answer 52

a device that alternately stores and releases kinetic energy

Answer 53

an engine that requires two crankshaft revolutions to complete one working cycle

Answer 54

An engine that requires one crankshaft revolution to complete one working cycle.

Answer 55

A machine that converts heat energy to mechanical energy through a series of repetitive thermodynamic operations such as combustion, compression, expansion, boiling, condensation, and cooling.

Answer 56

A reservoir at the base of a steam condenser in which condensate accumulates

Answer 57

A place for a thermometer to be placed into a machine or vessel

Answer 58

A heat exchanger that recovers heat from exhaust fluids.

Answer 59

A heat exchanger that recovers heat from exhaust fluids.

Answer 60

Impulse turbines are bucket shaped and use the velocity of the steam to push the blades. Impulse turbines experience very little pressure drop but velocity of the steam decreases through each set of turbines. Reaction turbines use the shape of their blades to push the steam like a rocket or nozzle. The steam is directed in such a way to create thrust. The thrust generated turns pressure into velocity. Reaction turbines are generally located after impulse turbines in larger power generating systems because they can use the high pressure and low velocity left overs from the impulse turbines.

Answer 61

Are metal sleeves that contain bearings used to support radial loads. A journal bearing is a bearing that allows a shaft to rotate freely within a supporting sleeve or shell. The part of the shaft which fits in the bearing is the journal, giving rise to the name. Unlike roller and ball bearings, journal bearings do not have any rolling elements.

Answer 62

They are bearings that support an axial load on a shaft. They keep the shaft from moving in an axial direction. The most common in the tilting pad thrust bearing, which do not allow for metal on metal contact and maintain an oil wedge ( fluid film lubrication)

Answer 63

Creates a fluid film lubrication to prevent metal to metal contact. They support the load as well.

Answer 64

True Brinelling is caused by the improper installation of a anti-friction bearing. The bearing is placed or forced to roughly into the track and causes an indentation under the balls or track of the bearings. This causes the bearings to experience rough operation and failure. The damage done during installation causes forces to be applied unevenly. False Brinelling: is caused through excessive vibration of the equipment which applies the forces onto the bearings unevenly. This leads to bearing failure as well but for different reasons.

Answer 65

Lignin is the glue that holds wood together. Susceptible to delignification a chemical attack. Cellulose are the long fibers that give wood its strength. Biological attacks involve microorganisms that attack the cellulose and break it down.

Answer 66

A protective or sacrificial cover for a shaft used underneath compression packing to absorb the abrasive oxides that the packing absorbs from friction with the metal shaft or sleeve. It protects the metal shaft from damage inside of a pump and can be replaced cheaply every so often as it becomes worn out form the friction of the packing material.

Answer 67

Part of a pressure relief device that is a compartment below the valve disc. As the steam pressure increases the area of the huddling chamber also increases allowing the valve to pop open and for steam to escape.

Answer 68

The difference between the popping pressure and actual reseating pressure of the pressure relief device. A minimum of 15 kpa or 2% of the popping pressure is required by AMSE Part PG-72.1 code.

Answer 69

Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Oxygen can cause very localized corrosion called pitting Carbon Dioxide raises the Ph as it is formed into carbonic acid and corrodes condensate return lines. They can both be removed through the use of a Deaerator

Answer 70

Hard water is water that has high mineral content (in contrast with "soft water"). Hard water is formed when water percolates through deposits of limestone, chalk or gypsum which are largely made up of calcium and magnesium carbonates, bicarbonates and sulfates

Answer 71

soft water, water that is free from dissolved salts of such metals as calcium, iron, or magnesium, which form insoluble deposits such as appear as scale in boilers

Answer 72

Simply measures the temperature of air and does not take into account evaporation or wind chill

Answer 73

Is the temperature indicated by a bulb covered by a water wetted wick, which is exposed to stream of rapdily moving air. It measures the dry bulb temp and then subtracts the cooling effect of evaporation or wind chill.