Unit 12: Plant Configurations

Question 1

HTF

Answer 1

Heat Transfer Fluid system uses a pump to circulate a special heat transfer liquid through a fired heat exchanger. The pump is required because there is not a large pressure differential present in this closed-loop system. HTF systems use transfer mediums such as hot oil instead, glycol, or condensate instead of steam.

High Temp HTF use molten salt

HTF’s are noncorrosive, any corrosion that occurs is due to contaminants

Although HTF’s degrade over time due to experiencing temperatures higher than their stated operating temp

Question 2

Stripping Towers

Answer 2

Uses steam to pull unwanted contaminants from a process fluid and directs them into waste or back into the process for refinement.

Question 3

Physical Processes

Answer 3

Do not add sufficient energy to produce a chemical change. Generally include filtration, dilution, cooling, drying, evaporating, or extracting a substance.

Question 4

Chemical Processes

Answer 4

Converts one compound into another by chemical reaction. This is generally done by breaking chemical bonds into smaller chemicals. Or by rearranging the chemical structure of the compound.

Question 5

Interlocks/Permissives

Answer 5

An interlock makes two mechanisms dependent on each other

Question 6

The Kraft Process

Answer 6

uses chemical agents, heat, and pressure chance to separate wood into individual fibers that can be used to make high quality paper.

Question 7

White Liqour

Answer 7

Is an alkaline solution made up of sodium sulfide and sodium hydroxide that used in a digester to dissolve lignin. In the kraft process

Question 8

Black Liqour

Answer 8

Is white liquor after it has been used up to dissolve lignin, it comes out to the blow tank as a weak black liquor. This weak black liquor is evaporated with steam and then the remaining solids in the black liquor can be used as fuel in the black liquor recovery boiler. After this black liquor is burned in the recovery boiler the leftovers called smelt are collected and mixed with steam to form green liquor. This green liquor can be turned back into white liquor with the addition of slaked lime.

Question 9

Culinary Steam

Answer 9

Any steam used for direct injection into food products. Outlined by the Safe Food for Canadians Regulations.

Culinary steam needs to be very clean, use proper piping materials (Stainless Steel), and cannot contain conditioning chemicals.