Use of biological resources - IGCSE Flashcards
Biological control of pests
The use of other species to kill pests
Interspecific predation
An interspecific interaction in which an organism of one species kills an organism of a different species for food
This can be reduced by separating fish of different species into tanks
Intraspecific predation
An interspecific interaction in which an organism of one species kills an organism of the same species for food
This is reduced by keeping fish of different ages and sizes in different tanks
Yeast
Fungi used in bread-making. They anaerobically respire and the carbon dioxide produced makes the bread rise, whilst alcohol evaporates
Selective breeding
The process by which humans artificially select organisms with desirable characteristics and breed them to produce offspring with desirable phenotypes
Selective breeding can be performed can be performed with both animals and plants
Insulin
A hormone involved in the control of blood glucose conc
genetically modified bacteria grown in a fermenter can produce large amounts of insulin
Plasmids
Loops of DNA found in the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells
They can be used as vectors to transfer recombinant DNA into host cells
Recombinant DNA
DNA created from joining the genetic material of two or more different organisms
Ligase
An enzyme used to join pieces of DNA together
Restriction enzymes
Enzymes that cut DNA at specific regions to isolate a gene from the chromosome
Transgenics
The process by which genetic material is transferred from one species to another
Vector
A strcture responsible for transferring DNA into a cell
Diploid nucleus
A nucleus that contains two sets of chromosomes
Inserted into a enucleated egg cell during cloning
Explants
Small samples from a parent plant that are used for micropropagation
Micropropagation
The multiplication of plants using tissue culture methods
It can be used to produce large numbers of plants, all genetically identical, with desirable characteristics originating from the parent plant
