Use it or Lose it Flashcards

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1
Q

What will the old to young ratio be by 2025?

A

More over 60s than under 25s.

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2
Q

How many centurions will there be by 2036?

A

39000

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3
Q

Define ageing.

A
  • In the developed world - the age of retirement is considered as the start of old age.
  • Change in social role.
  • Change in physical and mental abilities.
  • Medical view = “collection of changes that most render human beings progressively more likely to die”.
  • “Progressive functional decline”
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4
Q

What is again all about?

A

Changing.

  • Emotion.
  • Social Existence.
  • Cognitive Capacity.
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5
Q

What do we experience less of when we get older?

A
  • Less negativity in general (more health related).

- Due to greater emotional regulation.

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6
Q

How does the media view old people?

A
  • A lot of negative stereotyping.
  • Often not shown on tv.
  • Portrayed as weak, absent minded, helpless and lonely.
  • Forcing us on a quest for eternal youth.
  • Portrays old age as a negative.
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7
Q

How does psychology view the elderly?

A
  • Less egocentric - language is less “I” focused.
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8
Q

What is fluid intelligence?

A
  • Intellectual skills depend on basic information processing skills - speed at which we can analyse information, the capacity of working memory.
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9
Q

What is crystallised intelligence?

A
  • Depends on accumulated knowledge and experience, good judgement - valued by individual culture.
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10
Q

What did Wilson find about cognitive decline in 2002?

A
  • A regular cognitive decline in later life.
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11
Q

What did the Seattle Longitudinal Study find?

A
  • People are actually in their prime later in life.
  • Numeric ability and perceptual speed began to decrease after age 25.
  • The other 4 increased.
  • Intelligence peak for most adults is 35-60 - goes against media stereotype.
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12
Q

What did the Seattle Longitudinal Study test for?

A
  • 6 mental abilities are measured for fluid and crystallised intelligence: 1. Verbal ability 2. Verbal memory 3. Inductive reasoning 4. Special Orientation 5. Numeric ability 6. Perceptual speed
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13
Q

Define mental capacity.

A

Capacity for encoding, storing and retrieving information - series of complex interconnected systems which serve different purpose and behave in different ways.

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14
Q

What two components is the long term memory made up of?

A
  1. Explicit.

2. Implicit.

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15
Q

What components is the explicit memory made up of?

A

Episodic (biological events) and Semitic (words ideas and concepts.

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16
Q

What components is the implicit memory made up of?

A

Procedural (Priming effect), Emotional conditioning (Conditioned effect).

17
Q

What is in our cognitive reserve?

A
  • Education.
  • Occupation.
  • Leisure activities of intellectual and social nature.
  • Lifestyle.
18
Q

What is ageing not?

A
  • A fair process - differences in the brain reserve capacity.
19
Q

When does ageing begin to take its toll?

A
  • When the Brain Reserve Capacity is depleted past critical threshold.
20
Q

What does Implicit and Explicit memory relate to?

A
  • Age related decline in episodic memory tasks.
21
Q

What does Semitic and Episodic memory relate to?

A

Age related decline in episodic memory and tasks.

22
Q

How can we preserve out cognitive functions?

A
  • Above average education.
  • Complex occupations.
  • Stimulating leisure activities saw a higher rate of cognitive development.
  • Intellectually stimulating activity - sustained growth .
23
Q

Can you train crystallised and fluid intelligence?

A
  • Your can train crystallised.