Relationships

Question 1

What is Social Psychology?

Answer 1

All human interaction, looking at the need to affiliate, how we form relationships over time.

Question 2

When is the need to affiliate the strongest?

Answer 2

During adolescence, 75% of our awake time spent in company.

Question 3

Who found that the need to affiliate is strongest during adolescence?

Answer 3

Larson, 1982.

Question 4

What did Schacher’s 1959 study find?

Answer 4

63% of high anxiety wanted company
33% of low anxiety wanted company

Shared experience = shared anxiety = bond

Question 5

What increased during the recession?

Answer 5

Marriage rates

Question 6

Why did Darwin claim we are social?

Answer 6

To preserve our genes.

Question 7

Define altruism.

Answer 7

Our perceived closeness is more important than our genetic closeness.

Question 8

What culture does the US have in comparison to countries such as China and Korea?

Answer 8

• US has an Individualist culture.

- China etc has a Collectivist culture.

Question 9

Define Affiliation.

Answer 9

• Genereal drive to approach another human to seek out interaction.

Question 10

Explain the Longlois and Roman 1990 study.

Answer 10

• The more faces combined into one (averaged together) the more attractive the faces become.

Question 11

Explain Longlois and Roman’s findings.

Answer 11

• The more faces you average together the more imperfections are removed, so the more attractive a face becomes.
• Male faces are more typical.

Question 12

Why is Symmetry more attractive?

Answer 12

• Brains are more able to process symmetrical information.

Question 13

Why do faces become less symmetrical?

Answer 13

• As we get older our faces become less symmetrical.

Question 14

What did the Cogan study of 1996 show about preferred body type?

Answer 14

• Larger women are preferred in less developed countries such as Ghana as a pose to the UK.

Question 15

What did Cassidy say about preferred body type in 1991?

Answer 15

• Larger body types are valued throughout history.

Question 16

What did Anderson say about preferred body type in 1992?

Answer 16

• Slim women are preferred where a reliable food supply is available (evolutionary perspective).

Question 17

Who came up with the waist to hip ratio?

Answer 17

• Streeter and McBurney in 2003.

Question 18

What was the waist to hip ratio?

Answer 18

• 0.7.

Question 19

Explain the idea of the waist to hip ration.

Answer 19

• Ability to bear children.

Question 20

What did Dion and Bershed’s 1974 study find about physical attractiveness?

Answer 20

• The more physically attractive you are the more more socially desirable you are.

Question 21

What was the Landy and Sigall study of 1974?

Answer 21

• Grading female students work with a picture of them on the front.
• General pattern was that those who were more attractive scored higher than when marked anonymously and when compared to those considered unattractive or without a picture on the front.

Question 22

What did Frieze find about attractiveness and salaries?

Answer 22

Attractive men and women gained higher salaries over time.

Question 23

How did Feingold contradict Frieze in 1992?

Answer 23

• The attractiveness stereotype is not accurate - there is no relationship between attractiveness intelligence, dominance, self esteem and mental health.

Question 24

What do attractive people generally tend to be?

Answer 24

• Less socially anxious, more socially skilled and less lonely.
• This is a self-fulfilling prophecy.

Question 25

What dud Thornhill and Gangestad find about feremones in 1999?

Answer 25

• Women can pick up a feremone indicating high facial symmetry.

Question 26

What did Penton and Voak find in relation to the Thornhill and Gangestad study?

Answer 26

• Feminine faces are preferred when not fertile.

Question 27

Are opposites attracting portrayed in the media?

Answer 27

• Many songs about it: Madonna, Paulo ab due.
• “Birds of a feather flock together”.
• Titanic, Big Bang theory shows opposites attracting on extreme scales.

Question 28

Give some studies that support the idea: similarity = more successful relationships.

Answer 28

• Kandel 1978 - those of a similar demographic.
• Newcomb 1961 - those with similar beliefs.
• Byre and Nelson 1965 - those with similar attitudes.

Question 29

How does the idea of proximity play into relationships? (Festinger, Schachter and Bach 1950)

Answer 29

• We’re close to those who live close.

- Familiarity.

Question 30

Explain the concept of Mere Exposure.

Answer 30

• Zajonc 1968: found that people had a preference for novel symbols they were exposed to the most.
• This has implications on advertising and campaigning.

Question 31

What study supports Zajonc’s Mere Exposure study?

Answer 31

• Grush 1978: success in political campaign in USA predicted by the amount of media exposure.
• Shopping channels offering free trials an e.g. of mere exposure used in action.

Question 32

What did the Moreland and Beach study (1992) find about mere exposure?

Answer 32

• More attractive the female students were found was linked with the amount of times they’d attended the class.

Question 33

Define Passionate Love.

Answer 33

• An intense longing.

Question 34

Is Love a drug?

Answer 34

• Increased amount of dopamine.

Question 35

Explain the Schatcher and Singer 2 factor theory of emotion.

Answer 35

1. External event.

2. Physiological arousal = increased heart rate.

Question 36

What did Dutton and Aron find about arousal conditions in 1974?

Answer 36

• Misattribution of arousal.
• More males contacted the female experimenter when they had just walked down the suspension bridge - thought to be due to their MOA.
• They believed they were feeling sexually aroused at the sight of the female instead of towards the bridge.

Question 37

What is Hartfield and Walter 3 factor theory of 1981?

Answer 37

1. Cultural understanding of love.
2. Partner must fit expectation.
3. Physiological arousal in presence/thinking about partner and attribute these to partner.