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CSB340 > USAR paramedics and specialist response units > Flashcards

USAR paramedics and specialist response units Flashcards

1
Q

What is provided by the special emergency response team (SERT)?

A

Specialist police capability to resolve incidents which are potentially violent and exceed normal police capabilities.

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2
Q

What do SERT medics focus on?

A

Preventable combat wound deaths.

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3
Q

What are the three most prevalent preventable combat wound deaths?

A
  • Hemorrhage from extremity wounds
  • Tension pneumothorax
  • Airway obstruction
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4
Q

Hemorrhage from extremity wounds makes up what percentage of preventable combat wound deaths?

A

60%

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5
Q

Tension pneumothorax makes up what percentage of preventable combat wound deaths?

A

33%

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6
Q

Airway obstruction makes up what percentage of preventable combat wound deaths?

A

6%

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7
Q

What are the roles of the BA hazmat (breathing apparatus and hazardous materials response) team of the QFES?

A
  • Maintain breathing apparatus
  • Specialist hazmat disposal
  • Decontamination experts
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8
Q

What does AusMAT stand for?

A

Australian Medical Assistance Teams

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9
Q

What are AusMAT?

A

Health teams incorporating doctors, nurses, paramedics, firefighters (logisticians), allied health, environmental health, radiographers, and pharmacists.

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10
Q

AusMAT are designed to be…

A

Self-sufficient, experienced teams that can rapidly respond to a disaster zone to provide life saving treatment to casualties in support of the local health response.

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11
Q

What does USAR stand for?

A

Urban search and rescue.

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12
Q

What does USAR offer?

A

A specialized technical rescue capability for the location and rescue of entrapped people following a structural collapse.

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13
Q

What does INSARAG stand for?

A

International search and rescue advisory group.

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14
Q

What are the three levels of classification for USAR teams?

A

Light, medium, and heavy.

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15
Q

Light USAR teams have access to what kind of equipment?

A

Hand tools that are suitable for surface rescue.

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16
Q

Medium USAR teams have access to what kind of equipment?

A

Equipment and tools that will allow them to break, breach, and cut structural material that does not include structural steel reinforcing.

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17
Q

Heavy USAR teams have access to what kind of equipment?

A

Equipment and tools that will allow them to break, breach, and cut construction material that has been reinforced with structural steel.

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18
Q

What is the minimum amount of time an Australian USAR response team should be self-sufficient for?

A

72 hours

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19
Q

International deployment response INSARAG guidelines require teams to be self-sufficient for what minimum length of time?

A

10 operational days.

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20
Q

What are four characteristics of USAR category one - surface search and rescue teams?

A
  • Basic search techniques
  • Operational health and safety
  • An appreciation of specialist equipment and techniques
  • The ability to work as part of a team
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21
Q

USAR category two - surface and below debris search and rescue - personnel need to be:

A
  • Competent operators of specialized equipment
  • Proficiant in all aspects of USAR work including recognition of hazards, cribbing, and shoring techniques
22
Q

USAR paramedics are trained as what category of USAR operators?

A

Category two.

23
Q

List some USAR category two skills.

A
  • Confined space rescue
  • Vertical rescue
  • Trench rescue
  • Building collapse rescue
  • Tunnelling
  • Shoring
  • Atmospheric monitoring
  • Concrete breaching
  • Electronic/optical search
  • Long-duration operations
  • Field living skills
24
Q

USAR category three personnel are trained USAR ____ ____ ____.

A

Task force managers.

25
Q

USAR category three personnel are trained in:

A
  • Command and control
  • Occupational health
  • Safety and welfare
  • Disaster management
  • Cultural issues
  • Political structures
  • Media management
  • Logistics management
26
Q

When USAR paramedics are not actively involved in search or rescue operations, they should take on what role?

A

Safety officer for their USAR team.

27
Q

What is the role of a USAR team safety officer?

A

Be acutely aware of the mental and physical limitations of the team members, and actively promote proper rest and nutritional habits.

28
Q

List the roles and responsibilities of the USAR paramedic.

A
  • Monitor and maintain the medical, hygiene, and psychological needs of the team
  • Liaise with the task force medical manager
  • Perform triage during search and rescue operations
  • Be accountable for the medical equipment cache
  • Deliver medical care within the paramedics authorised scope of practice to the team and other casualties of an incident
  • Provide medical treatment as required to search dogs where the paramedic is so trained
  • Maintain medical records
29
Q

List the 6 phases of USAR deployment.

A
  1. Reconnaissance and survey
  2. Elimination of utilities (risk assessment and controls)
  3. Primary surface search and rescue
  4. Exploration of all voids
  5. Access by selected debris removal
  6. Terminate by general debris removal
30
Q

What is included in the first phase of USAR deployment (reconnaissance and survey)?

A
  • Question victims and witnesses
  • Visual inspection to ascertain:
    • Type and size of the structure involved
    • Collapse patterns
    • Hazards and locations of victims
31
Q

True or false: inward/outward collapse has survivable void formation.

A
32
Q

In which two kinds of collapse are survivable voids formed?

A
  • “V” collapse, when the floor or ceiling gives way in the centre.
  • “Lean-to” collapse, when the wall, roof, or floor collapse against a solid object.
33
Q

In which three kinds of collapse are no survivable voids formed?

A
  • Inward/outward collapse, where a wall made of bricks or blocks falls with the top portion of the wall falling inwards and the bottom portion falling outwards.
  • “Pancake” collapse, which occurs with a heavy floor and roof areas when the wall and contents will not support a void space.
  • Soft storey collapse, where the entire floor of multi-storey building collapses (usually involves just one floor).
34
Q

When a building collapses it will eventually…

What will happen at this point?

A

Stop collapsing under its own weight and reach a point where all the building components have reached equilibrium.

At this point no further movement will occur unless generated by external bearing pressure.

35
Q

Note: understand concept, don’t memorise.

List some possible causes of secondary collapse.

A
  • Aftershocks
  • Cutting or moving load-bearing structures
  • Vibration from heavy machinery
  • Too may people on the rubble pile
  • Uncoordinated rescue efforts
  • Uncontrolled water flow from main supply lines
  • Snow
36
Q

What are the three common indications of the potential for a secondary collapse?

A
  • Movement in the structure
    • Movement in any floor/ceiling/roof
    • Columns and walls out of plumb
    • Ceiling sagging
  • Visual awareness
    • Widening of existing cracks
    • New cracks appearing
    • Evidence of fire that will lead to weakening of support structures
    • Falling debris and dust
  • Hearing awareness
    • Creaking and groaning noises from structural movement
    • Rumbling from earth tremors
    • Warning cries from rescuers or publi
37
Q

Name some damaged utilities that may need to be eliminated in phase two of USAR deployment.

A
  • Electricity
  • Gas
  • Sewage
  • Water
  • Pipelines carrying chemicals, fuels, etc.
38
Q

What is included in the third phase (primary surface search and rescue) of USAR deployment?

A
  • Systematically search surface areas around the collapsed or damaged structures
  • Attend to and extricate any injured or lightly trapped surface victims
39
Q

Phase four of USAR deployment (exploration of all voids) should be carried out by what category of USAR personnel?

A

Category two.

40
Q

What is the main objective of phase four (exploration of all voids) of USAR deployment?

A

To locate live victims who may be trapped below the surface of the rubble.

41
Q

What is the Line and Hail Search technique?

A

Systematic searching by category one responders; the team stands 1.5-2 metres apart at the edge of the collapse, the first member calls “rescue team working above, can you hear me?”, the team listens for response for 15-20 seconds before shouting “nothing heard” and the line moves forward.

42
Q

What is the term used when the team leader moves individual members to pinpoint the source of a noise in the Line and Hail Search technique?

A

Vectoring.

43
Q

What should be done if the Line and Hail Search locates a victim who cannot be removed by category one personnel?

A

Mark the site using the international USAR marking system and leave two team members with the trapped victim to maintain contact until the USAR category two operators arrive.

44
Q

The international USAR victim markings should communicate what six pieces of information?

A
  • Potential victim
  • Victim location
  • Confirmed victim(s)
  • Extricated live victim(s)
  • Extrication of live victims only
  • All victims extricated
45
Q

Describe application of victim markings.

A
46
Q

The structural assessment and search marking system is used to indicate what hazard information?

A
  • Number of people found alive and removed
  • Number of people found dead and removed
  • Number of people unaccounted for
  • Location of other victims
47
Q

What is the meaning of ‘clear’ under the rapid clearance marking system?

A

Indicates the area/structure is clear of all live and deceased casualties.

48
Q

What is the meaning of ‘deceased only’ under the rapid clearance marking system?

A

Indicates comprehensive search has been completed but only deceased casualties remain in-situ.

49
Q

When is the rapid clearance marking system (RCM) applied?

A

Optionally, when lots of buildings are involved.

50
Q

The final USAR deployment phases (5, access by selected debris removal, and 6, terminate by general debris removal) are completed by which category of personnel?

A

Category two.

CSB340 (8 decks)

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