usage of by Flashcards
The way something is done: posta ile, mektup ile
We send a postcard or a letter by post.
The way something is done : telefonla , emaille
We contact someone by phone or by email.
The way something is done : para ile, kart ile
We pay for something by credit card or by cash.
The way something is done : kazara, şans eseri, hata ile
Something happens by mistake, by accident or by chance.
We can also use by with –ing to show how something happened: ( BAY – ARAK)
‘She passed her test by studying hard.’
We can also use by with –ing to show how something happened: ( BAY – ARAK)
‘I got into the house by using my key.’
‘By’ in passives ( BAY – Pikasso)
‘This was painted by Picasso.’
‘By’ in passives
‘This house was built by my grandfather.’
‘By’ in passives
‘I was invited by Sarah.’
‘By’ as ‘next to’– By is also used to mean ‘next to’ or ‘beside’.
‘My dog came and sat by me.’
Use ‘by’ for ‘an amount’
‘He is older than me by 3 years.’
Use ‘by’ for ‘an amount’
‘We sell tomatoes by the kilo.’
‘By’ as ‘no later than’
‘Give me your homework by Friday.’
‘By’ as ‘no later than’
‘The boy must be in bed by 9 o’clock.’
‘By’ as ‘alone’
‘I stayed at home by myself and read the newspaper.’
‘By’ as ‘alone’
‘The cat opened the door by himself.’
√ İnsanların duygularını anlattığı birçok ifadede kullanılır: WITH
My father was trembling with rage.
Babam öfkeden titriyordu.
Annie was jumping up and down with excitement.
Annie, heyecandan zıplayıp duruyordu.
√ With, insanların duygularını anlatan bazı sıfatlarla kullanılır: WITH
I’m cross with you.
Sana küstüm.
furious with
-e kızgın
upset with
-e sinirli, keyfi kaçmış
√ Fight, struggle, quarrel, argue, play ve benzer anlamı olan kelimelerle “–e karşı” anlamında kullanılır: WITH
Don’t fight with him - he’s bigger than you are.
Onunla dövüşme-senden daha iri.
Will you play chess with me?
Benimle satranç oynar mısın?
√ With, “-si olan” anlamında çok sık kullanılır:
There are so many people around with no homes.
Evi olmayan çok insan var.
They’ve bought a house with a big garden.
Büyük bahçesi olan bir ev aldılar.
Ancak “gözlüklü, kırmızı elbiseli” gibi giysi vs söz konusu olduğunda with yerine in kullanılır:
Who’s the man in the funny hat?
Komik şapkalı adam kim?
Could you go and give this paper to the woman in glasses?
Bu kâğıdı gidip gözlüklü kadına verebilir misin?
A girl with red hair
Kızıl saçlı kız
Ayrıca, “… sesle” anlamında da with değil in kullanılır:
Why are you talking in such a loud voice?
Niye böyle yüksek sesle konuşuyorsun?
√ Taşıt araçlarıyla “ile” derken with değil, by kullanılır:
They went to London by train.
Londra’ya trenle gittiler.
√ “Yanında” anlamında da kullanılır. Bu anlamda Türkçe düşünüp near kullanılmamalıdır: WITH
He takes his umbrella with him all the time.
Her zaman şemsiyesini yanına alır.
I have a client with me right now.
Şu anda yanımda bir müvekkil var.
