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USA and abroad Flashcards

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1
Q

when was the longest filibuster to prevent the civil rights bill

A

1957

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2
Q

who were the dixiecrats

A

white southern Democrats who opposed civil rights legislation

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3
Q

how did the emmett till murder boost the CRM movement

A

emmett’s mother had an open casket showing the severity of the racism
made white people support the movement
miscarriage of justice

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4
Q

which group took over the brown v topeka case when it was lost. and what year was it

A

NAACP - 1952

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5
Q

when was the first case of the brown v topeka ruling

A

1951 - the case was lost

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6
Q

the year following brown v topeka, what words were added to the ruling

A

do it with deliberate speed

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7
Q

when did the supreme Court rule that desegregation within education should happen

A

17th May 1954

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8
Q

who was the black child that wanted to go to a white school in 1951

A

Linda brown

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9
Q

by 1957 what percentage of black Americans in the South were in mixed schools

A

3%

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10
Q

by 1957 how many southern school districts were desegregated

A

750 out of 6300

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11
Q

by 1968 how many black Americans in the South remained in segregated schools

A

58%

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12
Q

how many people joined the WCC by 1956

A

250,000

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13
Q

what did the WCC do to hinder the CRM movement

A

they campaigned for election of local politicians who were against desegregation
they raised money to make schools private to avoid desegregation

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14
Q

in 1956 how did the southern States hinder the civil rights movement

A

they outlawed the NAACP and banned all its activities. Public employees werent allowed to be involved with groups that supported integration

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15
Q

when was the southern manifesto established

A

1956

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16
Q

when was emmett till murdered

A

1955

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17
Q

what group was put together as a result of brown v topeka and what year

A

WCC - white citizens council

1954

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18
Q

in 1951 there was a case brown v ____

A

topeka. the board of education topeka, kansas

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19
Q

which group took over the brown v topeka case when it was lost. and what year was it

A

NAACP - 1952

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20
Q

how did the emmett till murder boost the CRM movement

A

emmett’s mother had an open casket showing the severity of the racism
made white people support the movement
miscarriage of justice

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21
Q

list 4 oppositions to the CRM

A

KKK, WCC, Congress & Emmett Till murder

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22
Q

explain Little Rock’s stance of civil rights in 1956

A

they are moderate with desegregation however some people still don’t like the idea

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23
Q

who was the governor at the time of Little Rock

A

Orval Faubus

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24
Q

how many black students were going to be admitted to Little Rock Central High School

A

9

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25
Q

what group does the governor of Little Rock put outside the school to stop the black students from entering

A

National Guard

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26
Q

who was the student who was alone at the protest at Little Rock

A

Elizabeth Eckford

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27
Q

what president send in paratroopers to protect the Little Rock students

A

Eisenhower

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28
Q

what does the governor of Little Rock do in September of 1958 and 1959

A

1958 - closes all schools in Little Rock to stop desegregation
1959 - he is forced to reopen schools

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29
Q

list 3 reasons why Little Rock was significant

A
  • The racial hatred of southern states were really highlighted as the rest of the country were intergrating
  • the demonstration outside the school was seen all over the world (via the media). caused the country embarrassment as they had criticised communist countries
  • black americans understood that they could not rely on the federal courts to secure change
  • the president had to get involved
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30
Q

what year and what university did James H Meredith want to enrol at

A

1962 - University of mississippi

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31
Q

what year and what university did Vivian Malone want to enrol at

A

1963 - university of alabama

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32
Q

who was the alabama governor who prevented black students from enrolling at the university of alabama

A

george wallace

33
Q

what date did rosa parks refuse to give up her seat

A

thursday 1st december 1955

34
Q

when was rosa parks court appearance

A

monday 5th december 1955

35
Q

who arranged the montgomery bus boycott

A

Jo Ann Robinson

36
Q

when did the montgomery bus boycott start and end

A

5th Decemeber 1955 to 20th December 1956

37
Q

what group was created during the boycott and what did they do

A

MIA montgomery improvement association

they oversaw the maintenance of the boycott

38
Q

list 3 reasons how the bus boycott was maintained

A
  • carpooling. police tried to intimidate drivers
  • black churches bought cars to transport people. people at pick up points were harrassed by police
  • black run taxi companies charged only 10 cents for rides. law was passed to make teh minimum charge 45 cents
  • they attacked leaders (mlk house was firebombed)
39
Q

how many people took part in the first day of the boycott

A

20,000

40
Q

how many people attended the rally on the first day of the boycott

A

7000

41
Q

what was the name of the girl who refused to give up her seat in March 1955

A

claudette calvin

42
Q

what position did rosa parks have at the montgomery NAACP

A

secretary

43
Q

who was the chief justice of the supreme court

A

earl warren

44
Q

what was signed by over 100 congressmen in 1956

A

southern manifesto

45
Q

when did the supreme court rule that segregation is unconstitutional (transport)

A

13th November 1956

46
Q

what did the 1957 civil rights act do

A
  • it emphasised the right for people of colour to vote

- allowed the federal government to intervene if individuals are stopped from voting

47
Q

how did the boycott begin?

A
  • MIA was created (montgomery improvement association)
  • they oversaw the maintenance of the boycott
  • protesting was limited to ending the policy of black people standing while white seats were vacant
48
Q

what happened on the 13th November 1956

A

the supreme court ruled segregation was unconstitutional on transport

49
Q

what does SCLC stand for?

A

southern christian leadership conference

50
Q

when was the SCLC set up

A

january 1957

51
Q

what was the SCLC set up to do?

A
  • set up to seek justice and reject all injustice
  • they promoted non-violence regardless of the provocation
  • encouraged white americans to help their fellow black citizens to challenge racism
  • aimed to increase the number of black voters
  • force Eisenhower to speak out on civil rights
52
Q

when was the 1957 civil rigts act passed?

A

september 1957

53
Q

what did the 1957 civil rights act do?

A
  • the act emphasised the right of all people to vote regardless or race
  • it allowed the federal governement to intervene if individuals were prevented from voting
  • everyone could serve on juries
54
Q

what did the 1960 civil rights act do?

A
  • renewed the commission on civil rights

- people would be prosecuted if they obstructed someones attempt to register to vote/someones attempt to actually vote

55
Q

define direct action

A

use of non-violent tactics and methods to achieve a political or social change
eg letter writing, sit ins

56
Q

who were the greensboro four? when did they begin?

A
  • 4 black teenage students from a local college that held a sit in at the Greensboro branch of Woolworths
  • they sat at a whites only lunch counter until the shop closed
  • began 1st february 1960
57
Q

when did the woolworths counter give in?

A

25th july 1960
allowed black people to sit and eat
mainly the economic effect - they lost so many sales so were forced to end desegregation

58
Q

how did the greensboro four effect the civil rights movement?

A
  • inspired sit ins in 55 other cities and 13 states by March

- hunderds of other people joined in and businesses were forced to let black people sit at lunch counters

59
Q

what was the SNCC?

A
  • students non-violent coordinating committee
60
Q

when and where was the SNCC formed?

A
  • founded at shaw university in raleigh, north carolina in april 1960
  • received a grant from the SCLS to establish itself
61
Q

how did SNCC chnage its focus in 1961?

A

may 1961 - they supported local efforts in voter registration as well as public accommodation desegregation

62
Q

what key events were SNCC involved in?

A
  • sit ins
  • freedom rides
  • march on washington
  • freedom summer
63
Q

when did the supreme court decide that all bus stations and terminls that served interstate travellers should be integrated?

A

december 1960

64
Q

when, who and why began the freedom rides?

A

james farmer & 12 volunteers
4th may 1961
CORE wanted to test the decisions of the supreme court’s ruling with a freedom ride

65
Q

what happened on 14th may 1961 during the freedom rides?

A
  • bus is firebombed at anniston (alabama) and attacked by a mob
66
Q

what happened on 20th may 1961 during the freedom rides?

A

the riders were beaten by white racists who opposed the protests

67
Q

what happened on 24-25th may 1961 during the freedom rides?

A
  • the riders were arrested at the bus station for sitting in a whites only section of the bus station
  • jackson
68
Q

what happened on 22nd september 1961 during the freedom rides?

A

no buses use bus stations that have segregation in place

69
Q

what happened on 22nd september 1961 during the freedom rides?

A

no buses used the bus stations that use segregation laws

70
Q

what was the albany movement?

A
  • 1961 to 1962
  • following the arrests of the freedom riders in albany
  • the albany movement was created to oppose segregation in the town
  • it was quite unsuccessful - segregation contiued
71
Q

what was the voter education project?

A
  • a project to educate black americans on voting and registering
  • staffed by SNCC
72
Q

how were the sit ins unsuccessful?

A

people were arrested and harrassed

opposition

73
Q

how were the freedom rides successful?

A
  • met its goal - bus companies refused to use segregated bus stations
  • CORE membership doubled - 52000 by december
  • has a kncok on effect causing the albany movement
74
Q

how were the freedom rides unsuccessful?

A
  • the riders were firebombed abused and harrassed on the way

also arrested

75
Q

how was the albany movement successful?

A

there was a small increase in black americans registered to vote

76
Q

how was the albany movement unsuccessful?

A
  • segregation continued - parks, swimming pools, schools

- mlk was arrested

77
Q

how was the voter education project successful?

A
  • 600000+ new voter registrations
78
Q

how was the voter education project unsuccessful?

A
  • new voter registrations but no ability to vote
  • SNCC members were subject to opposition - harrassment
  • black people felt betrayed as they thought kennedy would protect them from WCC and KKK

history (6 decks)

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