U.S. History: Sem. 2 (Ch 20-21) Vocab Flashcards
in this case, the Supreme Court required criminal courts to provide free legal counsel to those who could not afford it
Gideon vs. Wrainwright
Kennedy’s legislative program for progress
New Frontier
This barred nuclear testing in the atmosphere
Limited Test Ban Treaty
This separated East Berlin from West Berlin
Berlin Wall
He squared off against Kennedy during the Berlin crisis
Nikita Khrushchev
First African-American cabinet member
Robert Weaver
this replaced the national origins system with a new quota system that allowed more people from outside of Europe to settle in the U.S.
Immigration Act of 1965
this term refers to the way in which states redraw election districts based on the changing number of people in them
reapportionment
in this case, the Supreme Court ruled that all suspects must be “read their rights” before questioning
Miranda vs. Arizona
this was a direct communication link set up by Kennedy during Kennedy’s presidency
hot line
He lost the 1960 presidential election
Richard Nixon
first American to enter space
Alan Shepard
Kennedy’s secretary of defense
Robert McNamara
a Kennedy established volunteer program to assist developing countries
Peace Corps
in this case, the Supreme Court ruled that the accused can have a lawyer present during police questioning
Escobedo vs. Illinois
this banned prayer in public schools and brought about change in federal and state reapportionment and the criminal justice system
Warren Court
in this case, the Supreme Court ruled that evidence seized illegally could not be used in court
Mapp vs. Ohio
this provided medical insurance for most Americans age 65 and older
Medicare
this military strategy was adopted during the Kennedy presideny
massive retaliation
He accepted Soviet aid for Cuba
Fidel Castro
this involved an invasion of Cuba
Bay of Pigs
Kennedy’s Secretary of State
Dean Rusk
first person to enter space
Yuri Gargarin
this strategy was intended to broaden America’s range of options during international crises by “strengthening and modernizing the military’s ability to fight a nonnuclear war”
flexible response
this created Job Corps, VISTA, and Project Head Start
Economic Opopurtunity
this provided federal aid to help public and parochial schools purchase textbooks and new library materials
Elementary and Secondary Education
a Kennedy established program to provide economic and technical assistance for Latin America
Alliance for Progress
his religious beliefs were an important issue of the 1960 presidential campaign
JFK
Author of the book “The Other America”
Michael Harrington
this legislative program summed up President Johnson’s vision for America
Great Society
in this case, the Supreme Court established the principle of “one person, one vote”
Baker vs. Carr
First person to walk on the moon
Neil Armstrong
this provided free or low cost medical insurance to welfare recipients
Medicaid
technique used in the Civil Rights movement to desegregate lunch counters
sit-ins
the Supreme Court rules in this case that a Louisiana law requiring “separate but equal” public accommodations is constitutional
Plessy vs. Ferguson
this political party was formed against police brutality in the ghetto
Black Panthers
the goal of this was to study the causes of urban violence
Kerner Commisssion
person arrested for refusing to give u p a bus seat to a white man
Rosa Parks
he spoke of his dream during the March on Washington
MLK, Jr.
the Civil Rights Act of 1965 was passed during his presidency
LBJ
King objected to the use of this slogan because he believed it provoked violence
Black Power
Civil Rights leader who became impatient with nonviolence and called for “Black Power”
Stokely Carmichael
group founded under the leadership of Martin Luther King Jr. for the purpose of carrying out nonviolent campaigns against segregation and racism
Southern Christian Leadership Conference
by campaigning to register African-American voters, it hoped to attract national attention and influence Congress to pass a voting rights act
Freedom Summer
this was outlawed by the Civil Righs Act of 1875
segregtation
his eliminated the literacy test and stated that federal examiners could enroll voters denied by local officials
Voting Rights Act of 1965
televised scenes of violence during this event convinced Lyndon Johnson to ask Congress for swift passage of a voting rights act
Selma to Montgomery
the head of the NAACP group of lawyers that argued the Brown v Board of Education case before Congress
Thurgood Marshall
not long before his assassination, a trip to Mecca helped to soften his attitude toward white people. He began preaching a message of ballots or bullets
Malcolm X
they tested the Supreme Court decisions banning segregation on interstate bus routes and facilities in bus terminals
Freedom Riders
this is segregation that exists by law
de jure segregation
its goal was to persuade Congress to pass Kennedy’s civil rights bill
March on Washington
he was the first African-American student to attend the University of Mississippi
James Meredith
this segregation exists by practice and custom
de facto segregation
