U.S. History: Chapter 18

Question 1

United Nations (UN)

Answer 1

international peacekeeping organization to which most nations belong; founded in 1945 to promote world peace, security, and economic development

Question 2

satellite nation

Answer 2

country that is dominated politically and economically by another nation

Question 3

containment

Answer 3

blocking of antoher nation’s attempts to spread its influence- especially the efforts of US to block spread of Soviet influence during late 1940s and early 1950s

Question 4

iron curtain

Answer 4

phrase used by Winston Churchill to describe imaginary line that separated Communist countries in the Soviet bloc of Eastern Europe from countries in Western Europe

Question 5

Cold War

Answer 5

state of hostility, without direct military conflict, that developed between US and Soviet Union after WWII

Question 6

Truman Doctine

Answer 6

US policy, by president Harry Truman, of providing economic and military aid to free nations threatened by internal or external opponents

Question 7

Marshall Plan

Answer 7

program, by George Marshall, under which the US supplied economic aid to European nations to help them rebuild after WWII

Question 8

Berlin airlift

Answer 8

327 day operation when US and British planes flew food and supplies into West Berlin after Soviets blockaded the city

Question 9

North Atlantic Treaty Organization

Answer 9

defensive military alliance formed by ten Western European counties, US and Canada

Question 10

Chiang Kai-shek

Answer 10

nationalistic ruler of China, who was opposed by Chinese communists

Question 11

Mao Zedong

Answer 11

leader of Chinese Communists

Question 12

Taiwan

Answer 12

area to where Chiang and his demoralized government fled to

Question 13

38th parallel

Answer 13

line that divided Korea into North and South Korea

Question 14

Korean War

Answer 14

conflict between North Korea and South Korea, in which the US fought for South Korean and China fought for North Korea

Question 15

HUAC

Answer 15

congressional committee that investigated Communist influence inside and outside the US government following WWII

Question 16

Hollywood Ten

Answer 16

ten witnesses from the film industry who refused to cooperate with the HUaC’s investigation of Communist influence in Hollywood

Question 17

blacklist

Answer 17

list of about 500 actors, writer, producers, and directors who were not allowed to work no Hollywood films because of their alleged Communist connections

Question 18

Alger Hiss

Answer 18

accused by Whittaker Chambers of spying for the Soviet Union

Question 19

Ethel and Julius Rosenberg

Answer 19

minor activists in the American Communist Party

Question 20

Joseph McCarthy

Answer 20

most famous anticommunist activist

Question 21

McCarthyism

Answer 21

attacks on suspected Communists in early 50’s by Joseph McCarthy

Question 22

H-bomb

Answer 22

hydrogen bomb, even more destructive nuclear weapon than atomic bomb

Question 23

Dwight D Eisenhower

Answer 23

president when both US and Soviets had H-bombs

Question 24

John Foster Dulles

Answer 24

Eisenhower’s secretary of state who was anticommunist

Question 25

brinkmanship

Answer 25

willingness of US under Eisenhower to go to the edge of all-out war

Question 26

CIA

Answer 26

US agency created to gather secret information about foreign governments

Question 27

Warsaw Pact

Answer 27

military alliance between Soviet Union and its Eastern European satellites

Question 28

Eisenhower Doctrine

Answer 28

US commitment to defend the Middle East against attack by any communist country, announced by Eisenhower

Question 29

Nikita Khrushchev

Answer 29

man to gain power after Stalin’s death

Question 30

Francis Gary Powers

Answer 30

U-2 pilot

Question 31

U-2 incident

Answer 31

downing of US spy plane and capture of its pilot by the Soviet Union