US History Post Civil War & Reconstruction

Question 1

African-American during same time as Booker T Washington who founded the NAACP. He wrote “Two souls of Black Folk.”

Answer 1

W.E.B Du Bois (1868-1963)

Question 2

Women’s rights activist also deeply involved in the anti-slavery movement. This Quaker woman was pivotal in gaining voting rights for women.

Answer 2

Susan B Anthony (1820-1906)

Question 3

Known as the “Ax Murderer” this woman was acquitted because people at the time could not imagine a woman doing such a thing.

Answer 3

Lizzie Borden 1892

Question 4

The cultural conviction that the United States should stretch from sea to sea.

Answer 4

Manifest Destiny

Question 5

Too little money to buy so much stuff by more and more people causes

Answer 5

Extreme Deflation

Question 6

Political movement of farmers that joined forces of cotton farmers in the South with grain farmers in the west. They were anti-Jew, anti-city, and anti-immigrant

Answer 6

Populists or People’s Party

Question 7

Monetary system based on gold which is favored by corporations but was opposed by farmers and the Populists who favored bimetallism or “free silver.” Used in US on several occasions but economists do not consider this system good for the economy as a whole.

Answer 7

Gold Standard

Question 8

Three facts about the New Immigration

Answer 8

1. Immigrants came not just from Europe but from all over the world.
2. Most immigrants were not poor.
3. Chinese were treated the worst.
4. In 1900 there were 1 million immigrants a year
5. Steam ships made immigration fast (week or less)
6. Some immigrants (European) were purposely temporary. They would come to the US to make money and return to their country to live and spend it.

Question 9

Three facts about Urban or City Life

Answer 9

1. There were no sewers.
2. Every town had a newspaper.
3. People preferred the west side because the wind blew from the west.
4. Major league sports started in 1860’s
5. Smog was horribly thick.

Question 10

American industrialist who led the American steel industry. After he got rich, he became a philanthropist.

Answer 10

Andrew Carnegie (1835-1919)

Question 11

Two most important trade unions who worked to improve working conditions and pay for laborers.

Answer 11

American Federation of Labor (AFL)

Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO)

Question 12

The economic system that upholds that the market should drive all decisions and that government should not interfere by using subsidies or regulations.

Answer 12

Laissez-Faire

Question 13

Deadly industrial fire in Manhattan that killed 146 employees and injured 78. One of the worst in US history.

Answer 13

Triangle Shirtwaist Factory (1911)

Question 14

Detective organization that specialized in strike breaking.

Answer 14

Pinkerton Detectives

Question 15

Until the 1930’s when this program was introduced by Franklin D Roosevelt, workers were defeated by court injunctions, Supreme Court decisions, and business tactics like relocation, violence by “planted” anarchists, and intermingling workers of different languages so they could not talk to each other.

Answer 15

The New Deal

Question 16

Explain 5 facts about Theodore Roosevelt (1858 - 1919)

Answer 16

1. “Hero” of Spanish American War who created the Rough Riders.
2. He founded the National Forest Service along with 150 national forests and 5 national parks plus reserves and monuments.
3. He was a progressive (good word in those days) standing for efficiency, honesty, and expertise.
4. He wanted to reduce monopolies (Trust busting) and make government and businesses more efficient and honest.
5. He started Civil Testing Service exams.
6. Believed in eugenics and the sterilization of the mentally handicapped and criminals.
7. Was president from 1901-1909).
8. He detested First Peoples (he called them Indians).

Question 17

Who believed, “The more who died the greater the victory.”

Answer 17

Theodore Roosevelt

Question 18

What president passed the law reinstating the Federal Income Tax System?

Answer 18

Woodrow Wilson

Question 19

The First Industrial Revolution involved textiles, railroads, and steel. What was the Second Industrial Revolution about?

Answer 19

Consumer goods (standardized component parts)
Examples: sewing machines and guns.

Question 20

He manufactured the bicycle, used interchangeable parts, invented the ball bearing, introduced trade shows, and stratified the market.

Answer 20

Albert Pope (1843-1909)

Question 21

He manufactured automobiles targeting the ordinary citizen; produced the Model T. He raised wages to encourage worker’s loyalty to the company and to enable them to buy his products.

Answer 21

Henry Ford (1863 - 1947)

Question 22

This mechanical engineer performed the first Time & Motion Studies. He was a compulsive organizer and improver who scientifically chose workers. The king of Micro Management.

Answer 22

Frederick Winslow Taylor (1856 - 1915)

Question 23

What was the Hawthorne Effect?

Answer 23

What role does psychology, lighting, color, music, etc play in productivity? Workers are highly responsive to any additional attention indicating their employers care about them.

Question 24

The Second Industrial Revolution created a huge surplus of all kinds of products. How to sell them? How to convince consumers to buy them? This gave rise to a new field in the 1910’s - 1920’s. The expense of this field became the largest component in the cost of products since the Second Industrial Revolution. What was it?

Answer 24

Advertising

Question 25

Oil tycoon owner of Standard Oil. He was a philanthropist after he got rich.

Answer 25

John D Rockefeller (1839-1937)

Question 26

The purpose of this organization was to try to “man-up” being a Christian so men could have support while addressing social challenges. Christianity had come to be considered “woman’s domain” as alluded to in “Uncle Tom’s Cabin.” There was a drive to build male Christian Athletics.

Answer 26

YMCA (1844 - present)

Question 27

Friend of Susan B Anthony who with her founded the American Equal Rights Association.

Answer 27

Elizabeth Cady Stanton (1815-1902)

Question 28

What was a “City Boss”?

Answer 28

A member of the Democratic party who took care of “his people”. He got to know everyone, helped out when things wee brought and arranged for them to receive services such as garbage removal. In return they had to vote Democratic.

Question 29

Investigative journalists were called ________. After examining city life and issues like graft, bad housing, city bosses, monopolies, etc, they would photograph and publish their results.

Answer 29

Muckrakers

Question 30

A former fireman on the railroad, this man was a labor organizer who created who created the Socialist movement in the US in 1900.

Answer 30

Eugene Debs (1855 - 1926)