1920's to World War II

Question 1

A nationwide constitutional ban on production, importation, transportation, and sale of alcoholic beverages from 1920 to 1933.

Answer 1

Prohibition

Question 2

Prohibition was mostly a Protestant woman movement. Name three things Prohibition caused or enabled in the US.

Answer 2

1. It created a Black Market which led to Organized Crime.
2. It led to the revival of the KuKluxKlan who targeted Catholic immigrants for the purpose of enforcing the law. They were actually Anglo-Saxon white supremacists who were dedicated to keeping the culture pure.
3. The defeat of Al Smith for president. He was not Protestant. In fact, he was Catholic.

Question 3

What was the purpose of the racial immigration laws during the 1920’s?

Answer 3

To keep out darker people of southern Europe.

Question 4

List three “good” things about the economy in the 1920’s.

Answer 4

• High employment
• rising Real wages
• improved living conditions
• Harlem Renaissance
• sales of cars, refrigerators, radios skyrocketed

Question 5

What government agency enforced Prohibition?

Answer 5

not the police or judicial system; it was the Treasury Department

Question 6

Famous Chicago bootlegger

Answer 6

Al Capone

Question 7

What are advantages of legalizing alcohol?

Answer 7

Quality control, regulation, taxes

Question 8

By the 1920’s Protestantism had branched into two divisions: Liberal and Evangelical. The Liberal faction split into two kinds: Social Darwinism and Social Gospel. Which faction did not believe in Evolution or anything else not found specifically in the bible?

Answer 8

Evangelical

Question 9

What was the Scopes Monkey Trial in 1925?

Answer 9

A suit was brought against a teacher named Scopes in Tennessee, charging him with teaching evolution which was forbidden in Tennessee schools. His lawyer was Clarence Darrow. The State’s lawyer was the famous William Jennings Bryan. Darrow cross-examined Bryan. The State of TN won. Scopes was fined. Bryan paid his fine.

Question 10

List three things about Al Smith that contributed to Herbert Hoover’s win for president in 1929.

Answer 10

• he was Catholic
• the economy was thriving so people saw no need to change parties
• not very smart

Question 11

Who was Marcus Garvey?

Answer 11

Led movement called Universal Negro Improvement Association. He was a great orator and political activist who led a Back to Africa Campaign for blacks so they could establish their own country. Opposed by W.E.B. Du Bois.

Question 12

Prediction made regarding women voting that did not actualize.

Answer 12

Their votes would change elections. Instead they voted like their fathers or their husbands, not according to personal convictions.

Question 13

The 1920’s saw the size of the Federal Government decline. Germany continued to suffer from the penalties of the Treaty of Versailles. Daily life in the US spiraled upward in grand purchasing power and a higher standard of living. Then things collapsed. What happened?

Answer 13

Drought leading to the Dust Bowl
Investment bust in Florida after two hurricanes
Run on the banks
Great Depression

Question 14

Explain the economic cycle that kept the Great Depression going.

Answer 14

Industry Corporations could not sell everything in their warehouses > led to layoffs > people had less spending/purchasing power > poorer sales > lower production > more layoffs

Question 15

A common feeling shared by many in the Great Depression because there were no jobs.

Answer 15

Internalized Guilt–even though it wasn’t their fault people felt guilty that they didn’t have paid work to do.

Question 16

What was Hooverville (s)

Answer 16

Shantytowns created by hobos who were jobless men who had taken to riding the rails looking for small jobs.

Question 17

When Franklin D Roosevelt was elected president he promised to make big changes during his first 100 days in office. What program did he introduce?

Answer 17

The New Deal

Question 18

The New Deal was sometimes called Alphabet Soup because of the initials for the programs it launched . Name 3 of them and what they did.

Answer 18

NRA National Recovery Administration (removed cutthroat competition, price fixing, and recognized unions)

PWA Public Works Administration (examples Skyline Drive and Chicago subways)
CCC Civilian Conservation Corps (provided work for mostly teenagers who sent the money back home. Included public works like the Appalachian Trail and work camps.)
AAA Agricultural Adjustment Agency (created scarcity of food so prices would go up by subsidizing farmers for not planting crops.)
TVA Tennessee Valley Administration (hydroelectric power in Appalachian states.)
FDIC Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (insured depositors up the $5,000 if the bank failed. Today it is $250,000)

Question 19

in 1937 there was a strike against General Motors that lasted 44 days. It was different from previous strikes. How?

Answer 19

It was a sit down strike. Workers did not stay home. They stayed inside the factories but they did not work. It was a siege at all the plants. Workers took a temperance pledge so they wouldn’t get drunk and fight and damage equipment in the factory. Wives passed food through the windows. Roosevelt supported the union. Union won.

Question 20

Who participated in the Northern Migration?

Answer 20

African Americans from the South to Detroit, Philadelphia, Baltimore, etc.

Question 21

This offered unemployment insurance (paid by workers and employers) and a pension to those over 65.

Answer 21

Social Security Act

Question 22

This Act helped unions organize and “encouraged” employers to work with unions.

Answer 22

National Labor Relations Act

Question 23

The Northern Migration led to what?

Answer 23

White Flight

Question 24

Who lifted Prohibition?

Answer 24

Roosevelt

Question 25

What happened around the same time that Prohibition was cancelled?

Answer 25

Women got the right to vote. (1920–Nineteenth Amendment)

Question 26

What were the Bonus Marches?

Answer 26

A group of WWI veterans marched to Washington after the Great Depression started to ask that the bonus be paid early. Instead Hoover called out the military against them.

Question 27

What were the Fireside Chats?

Answer 27

A media technique used by Roosevelt to communicate his plans to the American people. He was the first to use media as a political innovation.

Question 28

What was the Townsend Plan?

Answer 28

It would force everyone to retire at age 60 so that young people could be hired. The retirees would be guaranteed $200/month as long as they spent it all each month. This would stimulate the economy. It didn’t happen.

Question 29

What political big mistake did Roosevelt make that failed because he received a backlash for the attempt from both parties in Congress?

Answer 29

He tried to increase the Supreme Court from 9 to 15 members.

Question 30

True or False: The New Deal pulled the United States out of the Great Depression.

Answer 30

False. It provided aid to many and help parts of the economy recover and helped balance the power between corporations and employees; but the economy did not recover until WWII started when manufacturing increased to supply materials and machinery for the war.