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Social Studies > U.S History Midterm 2024 > Flashcards

U.S History Midterm 2024 Flashcards

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1
Q

Between what years did the Age of Exploration occur?

A

From the 1400s to the 1700s

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2
Q

Why did Europeans want to explore?

A
  1. God, spread religion
  2. Glory, praise and power
  3. Gold, money and new sources
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3
Q

What was the attitude of the Spanish towards the natives?

A

Thought of them as animals and as being useless.

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4
Q

How were the natives treated by the Spanish?

A

They were cruel towards them and treated them like slaves

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5
Q

What kind of work were the natives being forced to do by the Spanish?

A

They were forced to work in mines and do manual labor

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6
Q

What were the Spanish looking for in the New World?

A

Minerals (gold and silver) anything worth lots of money

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7
Q

Who were the Puritans?

A

Church members who wanted to “purify” or reform the Church of England

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8
Q

Who was John Winthrop?

A

First governor of the “new” puritan society/colony

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9
Q

Who were the Separatists?

A

Puritans who formed independent congregations with their own ministers. Today they are known as Pilgrims.

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10
Q

Plymouth Colony:

A

The second permanent English colony in North America

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11
Q

Massachusetts Bay Colony:

A

Established by John Winthrop

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12
Q

What were the European nations that colonized the ‘New World’?

A

Spain, Netherlands, Portugal, and France

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13
Q

Which explorer was the first to reach the ‘New World’? Where did he land?

A

Christopher Columbus was the first explorer to reach the ‘New World’. He landed in the Bahamas

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14
Q

Which country colonized the territory along the Mississippi River? Why was this territory important?

A

France. It was important because tit made trading easier and faster

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15
Q

Which country colonized areas along the Hudson river?

A

The Dutch from the Netherlands

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16
Q

Which failed English colony was the first to be settled in Virginia? What happened to it?

A

Roanoke. All settlers, buildings, or traces mysteriously disappeared

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17
Q

What is a joint-stock company? What was the goal of the Virginia Company?

A

A business shared by investors. The goal was to bring profit to its shareholders and to establish an English colony in the “New World”

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18
Q

Why wasn’t Jamestown successful in its first 3 years?

A
  1. Native American conflicts
  2. No clean water
  3. Had no idea how to grow crops due to difference in weather
  4. Insufficient farming tools
  5. Prone to diseases
  6. Too many nobles who didn’t do labor work
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19
Q

What major issues led to the starving time?

A

John Smith left dissolving the trading alliance the settlers had with the Powhatan for food

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20
Q

What did John Smith implement to help make Jamestown more successful?

A

1.Built an alliance/friendship with the Powhatan
2.Created a “no work, no food” policy
3. Made a well for clean water

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21
Q

What occurred in Jamestown during the “Starving Time”?

A

Colonists resorted to cannibalism

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22
Q

Jamestown was not considered successful until the abundance of which cash crop?

A

Tobacco seeds

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23
Q

The settles in Jamestown began to make profit by selling what?

A

Cash crops

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24
Q

Which man is credited for making Jamestown an economic success?

A

John Rolfe

25
Q

What were the preferred form of labors in the early days of Jamestown?

A

Indentured servants, orphans, and debtors

26
Q

What are the features of a civilization?

A
  • An organized ruling system
  • Jobs that contribute to the civilization
  • Organized religion
  • Understanding of sciences and maths
  • Written language and recorded history
  • Infrastructure
    -Economy
27
Q

How do we know what transpired when Columbus arrived in the Caribbean?

A

Columbus wrote down journals about his journey however they were biased. There are also written testimonies of missionaries

28
Q

What is the significance of the Mayflower Compact?

A

It was the fist written form of government in the English New World, and it had democratic principles

29
Q

If you were accused of witchcraft, what were you accused of having done?

A

Selling your soul to the devil in exchange of dark magic

30
Q

What are the Northern Colonies?

A

Rhode Island, Connecticut, and New Hampshire

31
Q

Who founded the Plymouth Colony? Why?

A

Puritan settlers who were seeking religious freedom plus regular people who were fleeing the economic strike

32
Q

Who is Squanto and how did he help the Plymouth Colony?

A

A member of the Patuxent tribe who was stolen by English men and taken to England and learned English. He helped the Plymouth colony by being an advisor to the settlers

33
Q

What possible causes explain the Salem Witch trials?

A

The extremely strict and religious society of Plymouth wished to find ways that would justify the expulsion of outcasts

34
Q

Who was most often accused of witchcraft? Why?

A

Women, because in the Bible Eve was easily deceived by the devil.

35
Q

How does the geography/climate of the Northern Colonies impact their economy?

A

Had long winters and short growing season. Ample natural resources and specialized in manufacturing

36
Q

What are the Middle Colonies?

A

New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware

37
Q

Why was Maryland founded?

A

To create a safe space for Catholics who were were fleeing religious persecution

38
Q

How has the reason Maryland was founded impacted the U.S today?

A

It inspired our government to separate the state from the church

39
Q

How does the geography/climate of the Middle Colonies impact their economy?

A

4 even seasons, temperate climate, and fertile land. Called the “bread basket” cause its economy specialized in essential crops

40
Q

What are the Southern Colonies?

A

Maryland, Carolinas, and Georgia

41
Q

What made Jamestown profitable and how did this shape the future of the Southern colonies?

A

Cash crops, Southern colonies later on became specialized on cash crops as well

42
Q

What cash crops did the Southern colonies specialize in?

A

Tobacco, cotton, and indigo dye

43
Q

What was the first colony to be established in the North?

A

Plymouth

44
Q

Which individual is credited with helping the Plymouth Colonists survive their first few years in the New World?

A

Squanto

45
Q

Which 3 crops are known as the 3 sisters?

A

Squash, corn, and beans

46
Q

What was the type of food poisoning thought to be the cause of the Salem with trials?

A

Ergot

47
Q

The principle of separation of state from its religious institutions

A

Secularism

48
Q

Reasons for the French and Indian War

A
  1. Fur trade
  2. Land
  3. Indian relations
49
Q

French and Indian War: British/American Advantages

A
  1. Control of the sea with the biggest navy in the world
  2. Produced their own food and supplies (Self-sufficient)
  3. Militias always ready to fight
  4. Larger Population
50
Q

French and Indian War: French Advantages

A
  1. Allied with Native groups
  2. Single colonial government, easier to agree
51
Q

French and Indian War: British/American disadvantages

A
  1. Little unity
  2. Fighting offensive war
52
Q

French and Indian War: French disadvantage

A
  1. Smaller population
  2. Dependent on imports from France
  3. Hardly any French troops to fight
53
Q

What was the Albany plan?

A

Plan made by Benjamin Franklin which consists of unifying all colonies

54
Q

Results of the French and Indian war

A
  1. Britain gained control over half of the North American Continent
  2. British decided to try and regain control over the colonies
  3. British government faced lots of debt
55
Q

Why was Great Britain in debt?

A

It was in debt before the war, then it doubled after the war

56
Q

What was the King’s solution to the country’s debt?

A

Increasing the taxes of the American colonies and expect them to pay for protection

57
Q

What was the Royal proclamation of 1763?

A

It prohibited the Americans from moving into the land of the French to prevent conflict among the Natives

58
Q
A

Social Studies (6 decks)

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