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Social Studies > U.S History Finals 2024 > Flashcards

U.S History Finals 2024 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the Bill of Rights?

A

The first ten amendments of the constitution, spelling out the American’s rights in relation to their government.

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2
Q

Who introduced the first draft of the Bill of Rights in 1789?

A

James Madison

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3
Q

What is the 1st Amendment?

A
  • Freedom of religion
  • Freedom of speech
  • Freedom of press
  • Freedom to assembly
  • Freedom to petition government
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4
Q

What is the 2nd Amendment?

A

Right to bear arms, for militias

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5
Q

What is the 3rd Amendment?

A

The government can’t force you to shelter soldiers in your home without consent in time of war

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6
Q

What is the 4th Amendment?

A

The government can’t search/ seize property without a specific probable cause or warrant

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7
Q

What is the 5h Amendment?

A
  • No double jeopardy
  • Can’t be randomly arrested
  • Don’t have to testify against yourself
  • Spousal privilige
  • Must have trial before conviction
  • Eminent domain
  • Easement
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8
Q

What is the 6th Amendment?

A
  • Right to a speedy trial by an impartial jury
  • Must be told of charge
  • Must be provided a lawyer if can’t afford one
  • Right to face accuser/witnesses
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9
Q

What is the 7th Amendment?

A

Right to a jury trial in federal civil cases

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10
Q

What are the names for the 4-7 Amendments?

A

Miranda rights or the rights of the accused

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11
Q

What is the 8th Amendment?

A

No excessive bail and fines or unusal punishment

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12
Q

What is the 9th Amendment?

A

Listing specific rights in the Constitution does not mean that people do not have other rights that have not been listed

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13
Q

What is the 10th Amendment?

A

The federal government only has those powers listed in the Constitution, others that aren’t listed belong to the states

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14
Q

What was the cabinet seat created by Washington?

A

Secretary of Treasury

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15
Q

What is Alexander Hamilton best known for?

A

Proposing and creating the national bank

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16
Q

What political parties developed from the federalists and anti-federalists?

A

Democratic-Republicans and Federalists

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17
Q

The Whiskey Rebellion was caused because the federal government instituted a tax which disproportionately affected…

A

Frontier grain farmers

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18
Q

Why did Alexander Hamilton want the Whiskey Rebellion?

A

So that the Federal government could demonstrate it had the power to enforce laws

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19
Q

In what type of interpretation did Thomas Jefferson believe in?

A

Strict

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20
Q

In what type of interpretation did Alexander Hamilton believe in?

A

Loose

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21
Q

What was the XYZ affair?

A

When John Addams, as president of the U.S, and the American government were humiliated when a French delegation attempted to extort 250,000 dollars from American diplomats

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22
Q

What does the term Alien refer to?

A

Immigrants living in a country that are not citizens

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23
Q

What was accomplished through the passage of the Alien Act?

A
  • Government could more easily deport an alien without real cause
  • Government could block immigrants from “undesirable” countries
  • Immigrants would have to live in the country for 14 years in order to gain citizenship
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24
Q

Which groups were targeted by the Alien Act?

A

Irish and French

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25
Q

What was the Sedition Act?

A

It made illegal to print anything negative bout the presidency/government during the Adams Administration

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26
Q

The Alien and Sedition Acts were put into law under which president?

A

John Adams

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27
Q

The Alien and Sedition acts violated which constitutional right?

A

The 1st Amendment

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28
Q

Why were the Alien and Sedition acts instituted?

A
  • Government was being criticized for their policy towards the French
  • Government wanted to limit what newspapers could say
  • Government was suspicious of foreigners, especially the French
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29
Q

What department did Adams add to the executive cabinet?

A

Navy

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30
Q

What act did Adams pass to increase the number of Federalist justices in the Judicial Branch?

A

The Midnight Judges Act

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31
Q

Why was the Marbury v. Madison court case significant?

A

It established Judicial Review

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32
Q

What unconstitutional clauses did the Judiciary Act of 1789 include?

A

The writ of mandamus

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33
Q

Why was the Judiciary act of 1789 unconstitutional?

A

It gave the Federal courts too much power

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34
Q

Which president did the Louisiana Purchase?

A

Thomas Jefferson

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35
Q

By how much did the Louisiana purchase increase the size of the U.S?

A

By two

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36
Q

Which geographic feature did the U.S want to control in New Orleans?

A

The Mississippi river Delta

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37
Q

Why was the Louisiana purchase made?

A

To keep Napoleon from colonizing the West

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38
Q

Which only states were the Louisiana purchase supposed to include?

A

Louisiana and Florida

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39
Q

Who did Jefferson hire to explore the Louisiana territory?

A

Lewis and Clark

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40
Q

With who’s help did Lewis and Clark survive their two years exploring the west?

A

A Native American named Sacagawea

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41
Q

Why were Lewis and Clark hired?

A

To discover all they could about:
- Environment, animals, & foliage
- Native American Tribes
- Natural resources

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42
Q

How were the first settlers to move westward called?

A

Frontiersman and pioneers

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43
Q

Which prehistoric animal did Jefferson hope to find living in the Louisiana territory?

A

The Mastedon

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44
Q

Who did the first Cabinet consist of?

A

-Vice President
- Department of State
- Department of War
- Department of the Treasury
- Attorney General

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45
Q

What did the Judiciary Act of 1789 establish?

A

Established the Supreme Court consisting of a Chief justice and 5 justice associates.

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46
Q

Why does Jefferson hate the National Bank plan?

A
  • It is unfair to Virginia since they payed off their debt
  • “Quid pro Quo”, wealthy business men would do a favor to the government so the government would have to do one back
  • Because it wasn’t on the constitution
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47
Q

What is Washington’s legacy?

A

He set many precedents for future presidents to follow and now he is seen as the father of the nation

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48
Q

What is Adams legacy?

A

Remember mostly for the XYZ affair and for creating the Navy department. Not regarded as a great president, mostly remembered for his failures rather than achievements

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49
Q

Why were the reasons of the war of 1812?

A
  • Impressment of soldiers
  • Support for natives
  • National honor
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50
Q

Who was involved in the war of 1812?

A

Britain, Canada, and Native allies

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51
Q

What did the war of 1812 result in?

A

The treaty of Ghent, no territorial changes

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52
Q

Why did the U.S feel like it won the war of 1812?

A

Because it reinforced their autonomy

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53
Q

Who was the president when the Monroe Doctrine was issued?

A

James Monroe

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54
Q

What type of policy was the Monroe Doctrine?

A

Foreign

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55
Q

Why was the Monroe Doctrine issued for?

A

In support of the newly freed nations in Latin America

56
Q

According to the Monroe Doctrine, what sentiments do the Americans harbor for the Europeans?

A

Friendly and in favor of their liberty and happiness

57
Q

According to the Monroe Doctrine, how has the U.S responded to wars in Europe between exclusively European nations?

A

Has remained neutral and uninvolved

58
Q

According to the Monroe Doctrine, how does the U.S differ from the European nations?

A

Style of government

59
Q

What is and has been our policy towards Europe according to the Monroe Doctrine?

A

Not to interfere

60
Q

What were the 2 REAL reasons why the U.S wanted the Latin American countries to remain free?

A
  1. U.S took advantage of unfair trade
  2. U.S wanted to remain the most powerful nation in the Western hemisphere
61
Q

Outcome of the election of 1824

A

Jackson wins by popular vote. House of Representatives must decide because there is no majority winner in the electoral votes. John Q wins

62
Q

What significant event happen during Quincy’s precidency?

A

Most states enlarged their voting population, so poor white men without land could now vote

63
Q

Outcome of the election of 1828?

A

Andrew Jackson

64
Q

What political party did Jackson fund?

A

Jacksonian Democrats

65
Q

Outcome of the election of 1832?

A

Andrew Jackson is re-elected

66
Q

Who was Nicholas Beetle?

A

The president of the second national bank

67
Q

What was Henry Clay’s and Nicholas Beetle’s conspiracy deal?

A

To ask Jackson to recharter the bank 4 years early, so he must decide to either kill the bank and please the Southerners, or continue with the bank and please the Northeners.

68
Q

How did Jackson respond to Clay’s and Beetle’s conspiracy deal?

A

He sees it as a personal attack and kills the bank. He is seen as a hero for standing up to the North and the elite

69
Q

What was the Northern Economy based on?

A

Fishing, shipbuilding industry, naval supplies, trade, and port cities

70
Q

What was the Southern Economy based on?

A

Large farm/plantations, cash crops, wood products, small farms, and slavery

71
Q

What was the tariff of 1828?

A

Taxes placed on imported goods

72
Q

Who was John C.Calhoun? And what did he believe about the tariff of 1828?

A

Vice-President under Jackson. Believed that the tariff of 1828 was unconstitutional since it only favored the North.

73
Q

What did Jackson think about the John C. Calhoun statements about the tariff of 1828?

A

He took it as a personal attack and passed the force bill to try and force the South to accept the tariff.

74
Q

What were the purposes of the national bank?

A
  • Safe place to deposit tax money and other revenue
  • Allowed the country to generate bonds across
  • Allowed loans to new industries
  • Enabled foreign investments
  • Print currency
75
Q

What was the Indian Removal Act?

A

Forcing Indians out of their ancestral

76
Q

What was the trail of tears?

A

Remaining Cherokees who were forced out and had to walk out west during the winter.

77
Q

About how many Cherokee died?

A

6,000

78
Q

Why was Andrew Jackson popular?

A

For being a self-made “regular man”

79
Q

Andrew Jackson’s followers were called?

A

Jacksonians

80
Q

The Nullification Crisis occurred because South Carolina was angered by?

A

The tariff of 1828

81
Q

What does it mean to nullify a law?

A

To make a law invalid

82
Q

What did South Carolina believe about the tariff of 1828?

A

It unfairly only benefitted the Northern Trade

83
Q

Under who was the First national bank chartered?

A

George Washington

84
Q

Under who was the First national bank allowed to expire?

A

James Madison

85
Q

Under who was the Second national bank chartered?

A

James Madison

86
Q

Henry Clay and Nicholas Biddle worked together in an attempt to… (2 things

A
  • To get Jackson to re-charter the Second Bank of the U.S
  • To make Henry Clay president
87
Q

The Second national bank was chartered in 1816 and lasted until 1832 when Andrew Jackson…

A

Vetoed the re-charter and removed federal money and deposited it into state banks

88
Q

Andrew Jackson did not prefer the policy of assimilation towards the natives. Instead what did he prefer?

A

The policy of removal

89
Q

Native Americans were moved west following the Indian Removal Act to which territory?

A

Oklahoma

90
Q

How many tribes were targeted through the Indian Removal Act?

A

5

91
Q

Which tribes did the Indian Removal Acts target?

A

The Seminoles, the Cherokee, the Chickasaw, the Choctaw, and the Creek

92
Q

In Florida, Jackson waged a series of two wars against which native tribe?

A

The Seminoles

93
Q

The Cherokee took their case to keep their land all the way to the Supreme Court where…

A

The court sided with the Cherokee

94
Q

The Indian Removal Act culminated in the forced migration of the Cherokee in what became known as?

A

The Trail of Tears

95
Q

The forced migration of the Cherokee led to the deaths of?

A

1/4 of the people who marched

96
Q

What was the outcome of Marbury v. Madison?

A

It ruled in Madison’s favor

97
Q

Who was the 6th president of the U.S? What is he most remembered for?

A

John Quincy Adams. Mostly nothing

98
Q

What was the Middle Passage?

A

The oceanic route from Africa to the U.S commonly used to transport slaves

99
Q

How was the domestic slave trade called?

A

The Second Middle Passage

100
Q

When was the Atlantic Slave Trade abolished?

A

1807

101
Q

Who did the Fugitive Slave Act made penalties more severe for?

A

Abolitionists on the underground railroad

102
Q

Why did Nat Turner saw himself as a Moses to his people?

A

Because he wanted to free his people from slavery

103
Q

What was Nat Turner’s ultimate goal?

A

Ignite civil war

104
Q

What did Nat Turner’s rebellion result in?

A

The passage of the new race-based restrictive legislation in the South

105
Q

Which was a method of communication employed by the Conductors of the Underground Railroad?

A

Hiding secret messages in quilt patterns

106
Q

Dread Scott was a slave in which territory?

A

Virginia

107
Q

Dread Scott was to free territory by who?

A

An abolitionist

108
Q

Dread Scott sued his owner in the U.S Supreme Court for what?

A

His freedom

109
Q

What were the 3 issues in the Dread Scott v. Sanford Case?

A
  1. Whether free African Americans can sue in court
  2. Whether Scott should be freed
  3. Whether Congress had the authority to prohibit slavery in a new territory
110
Q

What is a prevailing decision?

A

The majority opinion and the unanimous agreement of the court

111
Q

What is a dissenting opinion?

A

The minority opinion of the court

112
Q

Which of the following was a major CAUSE of the American Civil War?

A

Slavery

113
Q

In 1859 which abolitionist raided Harper’s Ferry, Virginia in an attempt to insight a slave rebellion?

A

John Brown

114
Q

To which “new” political party did Abraham Lincoln belong in 1860?

A

Republican

115
Q

Which event officially marked the start of the American Civil War?

A

The attack on Fort Sumter

116
Q

Who was the American Civil War fought between?

A

The Union and the Confederacy

117
Q

What action did 7 southern states take in between Lincoln’s first election and his inauguration?

A

Seceded from the Union

118
Q

Why did Abraham Lincoln only “send food for hungry men” to Fort Sumter?

A

He did not want to be blamed for starting the war

119
Q

Who is blamed for ultimately starting the Civil War?

A

Jefferson Davis

120
Q

Frederick Douglass was an escaped slave that advocated for…

A

Abolition

121
Q

Which of the following was not a border state during the American Civil War?

A

Texas

122
Q

Which were advantages enjoyed by the Union?

A
  • Greater industrial capability
  • Greater population
  • Greater access to train lines
123
Q

Which were advantages enjoyed by the Confederacy?

A
  • Greater number of well-trained officers
  • Closer trade relations with Great Britain
  • Stronger military tradition
124
Q

Why was the South angry at the result of the election of 1860?

A

Because Lincoln was anti-slavery, did not appear on Southern ballots, and inexperienced

125
Q

Who was the general of the Union?

A

Ulysses Grant

126
Q

Who was the general of the Confederacy?

A

Robert E. Lee

127
Q

During the Civil War, what did soldiers mainly do?

A

Fought in battles and drilled and marched

128
Q

Which were common hardships faced by Civil War soldiers?

A
  • Dehydration and starvation
  • Disease and infection
  • Imprisonment
129
Q

What is secession?

A

The action of withdrawing formally from membership of a federation or body (political state)

130
Q

The Battle of Gettysburg was…

A

The turning point of the war

131
Q

Where did the Confederate Army surrender?

A

Appomattox Court House

132
Q

What is the 13th Amendment?

A

Slavery banned

133
Q

What is the 14th Amendment?

A

All naturally born in the U.S have natural citizenship

134
Q

What is the 15th Amendment?

A

All citizens have the right to vote

135
Q

Who assassinated Abraham Lincoln?

A

John Wilkes Booth

136
Q

Who became the next president after Lincoln’s assassination?

A

Andrew Johnson

Social Studies (6 decks)

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