US History II Honors- Dr. Kenney Flashcards
1
Q
What is Just War Theory?
A
That there could be a just war. This idea sprouted from early Christianity.
2
Q
What is jus ad bellum?
A
The criteria in order for a war to be just.- Proper authority had to declare war
- There had to be a just cause
- There had to be the right intention
3
Q
What is jus in bellum?
A
The criteria for fighting a war once you are engaged in it.
- Proportion: more good than evil must come from combat tactics
- Discrimination: distinguish between proper targets and inappropriate targets.
4
Q
What is the just war criteria?
A
- a just war can only be waged as a last resort
- a war is just only if it is waged by a legitimate authority
- a just war can only be fought to redress a wrong suffered
- war can only be just if it is fought with a reasonable chance of success
- the ultimate goal of a just war is to re-establish peace
- the violence used in the war must be proportional to the injury suffered
- the weapons used in a just war must discriminate between combatants and non-combatants (avoid attacking civilians)
5
Q
who was woodrow wilson?
A
- 28th president
- strong, firm ideas, previous professor
- Democrat from the south (virginia)
- Won the nobel peace prize
- moral leader of the world, looked for moral guidance
6
Q
what were wilson’s policies prior to WWI?
A
- Wilson hated imperialism (when one place takes over, colonizes, has military in other countries, basically having power and money
- suspicious of wall street
- proclaimed war on dollar diplomacy (the policy of furthering US financial interests abroad by encouraging the investment of US capital in foreign countries, especially those in south america)
7
Q
how did WWI start?
A
- Serbians said they would take Bosnia and Herzegovina from Austria-Hungary.
- then the austro-hungarian archduke franz ferdinand was assassinated by serbian terrorist, Gavrilo Princip
- then austria-hungary issued an ultimatum to serbia to turn over the killer or they will go to war
- Serbia balked at the agreement so Austria-hungary started war.
- russia was an ally to serbia and moved troops into austria border.
8
Q
what were the three main causes for U.S entry into wwi?
A
- Zimmerman note
- Germany’s unrestricted submarine warfare
- the Bolshevik revolution
9
Q
describe u.s involvement in wwi.
A
- U.S had more money invested in england than in germany
- part of the motivation was racial: the preference was british anglo saxon over German tectonics
- wilson’s moral diplomacy policy: tried not to turn to war
- wanted to help britain bc govt was closest to a democracy.
10
Q
what were Germany’s actions in wwi?
A
- they sank allied ships, aka lusitannia and sussex, with u-boats (Submarines)
- killed many americans and american citizens when U.S wasn’t involved yet
- Wilson threatened war if Germans did not stop sinking American ships
- Germany ignored Wilson’s threat and continued to sink ships.
11
Q
What was wilson’s 14 points
A
- it was 14 points he gave in a speech to congress stating wilson’s ideas for lasting peace in europe.
- they were based on wilson’s progressive ideas of free trade, self-determination, and democracy.
12
Q
What were points 1-5?
A
- to sum it up: they were to eliminate the cause of war and international relations
1. no more secret treaties
2. Freedom of the seas (during wartime)
3. free trade (create equal trading conditions), removing barriers that can help other countries that are struggling
13
Q
what were points 6-13?
A
To sum it up: right to national self-determination and territorial claims
- Germany withdraws from occupied Russia
- France has lost Alsace-Lorraine territory during the 1870-71 war, now france gets it back
- ottoman empire is divided and placed in League fo Nations trusts
14
Q
what was point 14?
A
- it was the most important point to Wilson.
- a general association of nations to enforce peace foreshadows the League of nations which were founded in january 1920
- and after wwii, it evolved into the united nations.
- there were british and french opposition to this point (British were against freedom of seas and french wanted reparations)
- this speech contained high ideals, but world interest rather than self-interest
15
Q
explain the treaty of versailles.
A
- 14 points lead to treaty
- this is the treaty that ended wwi.
- every nation that fought on the allies side was represented
- Germany, Russia, and Austria-Hungary was not present
- Wilson was too soft on germany, french minister George Clemenceau wanted to crush germans, but lloyd george held a middle position between the two.
- broke Austria-Hungary into Austria, Hungary, and Yugoslavia
- Big 4- America, France, UK, italy wanted reparations from Germany.
- America never signed the treaty because senate would not confirm
- U.S fails to ratify the treaty and league of nations continues without the U.S
