US History Exam Flashcards
What type of company allowed individuals to work together to start colonies by enabling investors to share profits, without sharing the liabilities?
Joint stock company
The first permanent Eglish settlement in America
Jamestown
The defeat of the Spanish Armada was significant except for it
brought an end to the power of the Roman Catholic Church
In 1493 Pope Alexander VI divided the world for settlement and exploration betwwen Portugal and
Spain
The Indian population in the New World dropped from 50M to 4M in about one century primarily because of
diseases brought by the Europeans
The Aztecs were a highly civilized Indian culture in
Mexico
During the 16th century, which country dominated exploration of the New World?
Spain
How did the Protestant Reformation encourgae settlement in the New World?
Protestants went to the New World to escape from persecution.
What movement in the 1500s was caused by Europe’s new discovery of Biblical truth?
Protestant Reformation
Magellan
was killed in the Philippines
The most significant fact about John Cabot’s voyages was that he
Claimed land for North America for England.
What merchants controlled the overland routes to Asia threatening safety and leading to Europeans looking for another way to the East?
Muslim
What monarch sponsored Columbus’s first exploration?
Isabella
What European nation first discovered a sea route to Asia?
Portugal
Who led a small group of Pilgrims to Plymouth on the Mayflower?
William Bradford
What vsionary governor wanted to make Massachusetts Bay Colony “a model of Christian charity”?
John Winthrop
What founder of Providence, Rhode Island, advocated complete separation of church and state?
Roger Williams
The House of Burgesses was the
first self-governing assembly in America
Before the English invaded, New York was settled by the
Dutch
Who was the most significant figure in the settlement of Connecticut?
Thomas Hooker
Which was considered a New Englad colony?
New Hampshire
The Puritan’s attitude toward the Anglican church was that they wanted
to stay in the church and improve it.
The major difference between Pilgrims and Puritans was over
staying in the Anglican church
What was the dividing line Pope Alexander VI drew up to separate the exploration between Spain and Portugal?
Line of Demarcation
What early Native American tribe lived in caves along the rims and ledges of canyons of the southwest United States?
Pueblo Indians
The London and Plymouth Companies wanted to colonize what territory?
Virginia
Spanish settlers in the New World practiced what religion?
Catholic
What important river did Hernando De Soto discover?
Mississippi River
What title was given to the daring Spanish soldiers/exploreres?
Conquistadors
For whom was the New World named?
Vespucci
The famous work Desciption of the World was about whose adventures?
Marco Polo
What early English colony was assisted by the Indian princess Pocahontas?
Jamestown
In what colony did the Quakers undertake a “Holy Experiment?”
Pennsylvannia
What did the Puritans call the agreement that God had made with his people?
Covenant
What document of self-government did the Pilgrims sign when they firsft arrived in America?
Mayflower Compact
Who led a small group of Pilgrims to Plymouth on the Mayflower?
William Bradford
What type of colony was controlled directly by the king?
Royal colony
What type of colony was governed by a trade company or business?
Charter Colony
What type of colony was run by appointees of the king?
Propietary
The New England Primer was a
text for colonial schools
What were dame schools?
Village schools in New England
What revival in American History spanned from the 1720s to the early 1760s?
Great Awakening
What was not a result of the Great Awakening?
end of divisions within America’s churches
What brilliant theologian became the leader of the Great Awkaening in New England?
Jonathan Edwards
The center of colonial Roman Catholocism was
Maryland
What religious group thaught that man is saved from the following and obeying the “inner light”?
Quakers
The Huguenots came from
France
Most American Lutherans came from
Germany
Who founded what is considered the first Baptist Church in America?
Roger Williams
Which statement about the Salem Witch Trials is true?
Only people who professed innocence were executed
What type of church structure/government did New England Puritans practice?
congregational
What was the most influential religious movement in colonial America?
Puritanism
From what did Puritans want to purify the Church of England
Catholic ceremonies
What meeting of colonial delegates denounced the Stamp Act?
Stamp Act Congress
What Patriot organization arose as a response to the Stamp Act?
Sons of Liberty
What plan, proposed by Benjamin Franklin, attempted to unite the colonies during the French and Indian War?
Albany Plan
Who became the voice of the revolution?
Patrick Henry
Under the Treaty of Paris (1763) Britain gained temporary control of the following territory except
the Louisiana Territory
The British three-part plan, devised by William Pitt, to win the Seven Years’ War included all of the following except to
leave fighting in America to the colonists
What British general was killed trying to fight the French in an open battle?
Edward Braddock
Nationalism grew in the American colonies for all of these reasons excepted that
all the colonist had a common heritage from Great Britain
Whose rise to power in 1760 marked a major shift in British policy towards its American colonies?
George III
The key British victory of the French and Indian War was the capture of
Quebec
Who won the Battle of the Plains of Abraham?
James Wolfe
One of the major reasons that the colonies were taxes after the French and Indian War was that the British
needed money to pay for the war
What peace treaty brought an end to the French and Indian War?
Treaty of Paris, 1763
Why was Franklin’s Albany Plan a failure?
The colonists feared a central government and losing control of colonial powers
Whatmwas Britain’s chief disadvantages during the French and Indian War?
lack of colonial unity
What event sparked the French and Indian War?
A force under George Washington clashed with the French near the forks of the Ohio River
What geographic feature was at the heart of the Louisiana Purchase?
Mississippi River
What country was England’s main opponent during the wars that raged from the 1680s to the 1760s?
France
What paddle-shaped board did colonists use for reading?
Hornbook
What sect was centered in the colony of Pennsylvania?
Quakers
What was the main “idea” of Puritan theology?
Covenant
What line established in 1763 to limit the westward expansion of American colonists?
Proclaimation of 1763
What finnancial power did the colonial assembliys used to curb the power of royal governors?
Power of the Purse
What important fort did the French build on the Ohio River at the outset of the French and Indian War?
Fort Duquesne
What did the colonists call the bloody Seven Years’ War, which began on the American frontier in 1754?
French and Indian War
What colonial commander fought the first skirmish of the French and Indian War in an attempt to expel the French from western Pennsylvania?
George Washington
What did the French call the territory they claimed along the Mississippi River?
Louisiana
What document asserted the right of the colonist to be free and independent states?
Declaration of Independence
Who was the commander in chief of the Continental Army?
George Washington
What action did Boston Patriots take in 1773 when some British ships refused to take their tea back to England?
Boston Tea Party
At what point during the Revolution was the world turned upside down?
Siege of Yorktown
What unexpected event turned Cornwallis’s secure position at Yorktown into a hopeless trap?
the arrival of a French fleet with reinforcements
Where did most of the major battles take place in the south?
The Carolinas
What act of treason did Benedict Arnold agree to perform?
hand over a fort
What was America’s greatest ally during the Revolution?
France
Why was the Saratoga campaign such an important victory for the Patriots?
it brought France into the war
Which of the following battles help to raise American morale after the disastrous defeat in the Battle of Long Island?
Trenton
what did Common Sense advocate?
Complete independence from Britain
to whom was Olive Branch Petition addressed?
King George the Third
where was the shot heard from around the world fired?
Lexington
what was a major accomplishment of the First Continental Congress?
Assert the rights of the colonies to govern themselves
The colonists were offended by the Tea Act of 1773 because
it gave a British company control over the sea trade
what was the main purpose of the Committee of Correspondence?
Provide information about British threats to Liberty
what British response to the gaspee incident angered the colonists?
Establishing a British commission to investigate and make arrests
who was the father of the Constitution?
James Madison
the last two major states to ratify the Constitution for Virginia and
New York
Who was not one of the authors of the Federalist Papers?
Patrick Henry
what Christian Statesman presented the compromise that broke the deadlock over representation in the Constitution?
Rodger Sherman
what unicameral plan did the small states support at the Constitutional Convention each state would receive an equal Voice?
New Jersey Plan
what bicameral plan did the large states support at the Constitutional Convention because representation was based on population size?
Virginia Plan
what two factions opposed each other over the issue of representation in Congress?
Large states vs small states
which state refused to participate in the Constitutional Convention and was the last of the original colonies to ratify the Constitution?
Rhode Island
what was the most important accomplishment of the Annapolis convention?
Call a new convention to remedy the weakness of the Confederation
what caused Shay’s Rebellion?
Unrest over defaulted Farm loans
what caused the Newburgh conspiracy?
Military discontent over back wages
which of the following was a success for of the Articles of Confederation?
Foreign peace
Which of the following best describes the government under the Articles of Confederation?
Unicameral Congress
what was America’s single greatest contribution to political thought?
The Constitution
what convention was called in Philadelphia to solve the weakness of the Confederation?
Constitutional Convention
what are the first three words in the Preamble to the Constitution?
We the People
what do we call the introduction to the Constitution?
Preamble
What Secretary of the Treasury introduced the First National Bank and supported other Federalists policies?
Alexander Hamilton
after he lost the election of 1800, whom the John Adams pick as the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court during his midnight appointments?
John Marshall
Alexander Hamilton was not nominated as a presidential candidate in the election of 1796 because he
had too many enemies
Europeans took advantage of America’s weakness during the 1790s by
raiding American ships
the alien acts granted the president the power to
expel or imprison immigrants
the Federalists strongly supported
Commerce
the Sedition Acts granted the president the power to
prohibit treasonous speech
the United States broke its Treaty of alliance with France because
the French had overthrown the old government
the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions advocated
Nullification
what caused the Whiskey Rebellion?
Opposition to taxes
What did the South accept in return for locating the national capital in the South?
Assumption of State debts
what is the first opened debate over constitutional interpretation?
Creation of a National Bank
what Secretary of State under George Washington strongly opposed Federalist policies?
Thomas Jefferson
what Secretary of the Treasury has been called the greatest administrative genius and America?
Alexander Hamilton
which amendment is the most fundamental to the Bill of Rights?
First
which amendment reserves all nondelegated powers to the states and the people?
10th
which of the following was not accomplished during the first session of Congress?
Proclamation of neutrality
who was generally considered the leader of the early Democratic-Republican party?
Thomas Jefferson
who, as the first Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, negotiated an important piece treaty with Britain?
John Jay
Jefferson was hesitant to accept the Louisiana Purchase because
the Constitution did not specifically give him such authority
what well-designed for prevented the British from capturing Baltimore?
McHenry
Who won the election of 1800?
Thomas Jefferson
all of the following men were explorers except
Anthony Wayne
Andrew Jackson solidified his political Fame after which battle?
Battle of New Orleans
Sacagawea was an Indian
assistant to Lewis and Clark
Tecumseh was a threat to the United States because he
attempted to unite the Indian tribes into one nation
the case of Marbury vs Madison established the idea
of judicial review
the issue of impressment created tension because of an incident involving the bombing of this US ship
Chesapeake
the Louisiana Purchase brought about all the following except
the pleas of the French and Spanish Creoles in the area
what advantage did the United States enjoy at the beginning of the war of 1812?
The British were tied down in a war with Napoleon
what is America’s national anthem?
The Star Spangled Banner
what victory overseas did America win during Jefferson’s administration?
Defeat of Tripoli
What is a direct result of the Federalist attempt to manipulate the election of 1800?
12th Amendment
which of the following was not one of the reasons the president gave for declaring war on England?
Capture of Canada
why was the USS Constitution called Old Ironside?
Enemy cannonballs bounced off its Oak sides
What do we call the first ten amendments to the Constitution?
Bill of Rights
what party supported industry and commerce and believe that the government should be run by Property Owners?
Federalist
what party supported the common people and distrust and centralized government?
Republicans
who was America’s second President?
John Adams
what city did the British capture and burn after they won the Battle of Bladensburg?
Washington d.c.
what influential Chief Justice of the Supreme Court handed down numerous Landmark decisions?
John Marshall
what tract of land did Napoleon Bonaparte sell to the United States?
Louisiana
what was the name for Representatives in the 1810’s who were intensely nationalistic and pro-war?
War Hawks
what stunning Victory did Americans win against British regulars after the war was over?
Battle of New Orleans
what is judicial review? Who established it?
Judicial review allows the Court to declare a law unconstitutional
John Marshall
What is the name for Jackson’s practice of rewarding his supporters with government offices?
Spoils system
what candidate won the most popular votes in most electoral votes in 1824, yet lost the election?
Andrew Jackson
what presidential candidate used the slogan Tippecanoe and Tyler too?
William Henry Harrison
what was the major issue in Jackson’s re-election campaign?
National Bank
which high tariff caused the Nullification Crisis?
Tariff of Abominations in 1828
who promoted the American system particularly the National Bank?
Henry Clay
all of the following were candidates in the 1824 presidential election except
James Monroe
Andrew Jackson’s vice president and successor in the presidency was
Martin van Buren
Central to Jackson’s 1832 re-election campaign was the issue of
the renewal of the National Bank
the supposed corrupt bargain was between
Adams and Clay
For what corrupt bargain did Adams opponents attack him?
An alleged deal with Clay to get the presidency
what Great Compromisor help to Defuse The Crisis over admission of Missouri and the Nullification of the Tariff of 1828
Henry Clay
what bank system did Jackson set up to replace the National Bank?
Pet Banks
what Indian tribe attempted to keep its lands through legal action?
Cherokee
what issue lay at the heart of the debate over the admission of Missouri as a state?
Balance of slave states in the Senate
what were the closed meetings of party leaders who picked presidential candidates called?
Caucuses
which of the following was not an element of the concern for the economic strength of nation, referred to as the American system?
World-class Navy
which of the following was not one of the provisions of the Missouri Compromise?
Reduced tariff
who benefits most from protective tariffs?
Manufacturers
who was the little magician who helped to organize Jackson successful campaign of 1828?
Martin van Buren
Who became famous for short stories and poems that explored the Dark Side of human nature?
Edgar Allan Poe
what did Prohibition seek to reform?
Alcohol abuse
what new party was formed in response to Jackson’s Democratic policies?
Whig
what party of the common man’s is still in existence to stay today?
Democratic
what party opposed Jackson and supported Adams and the expansion of the national economy?
Republicans
what agreement allowed Missouri to be admitted as a slave state if further slavery was banned north of 36° 30 minutes?
Missouri Compromise
who was the old hickory?
Andrew Jackson
what famous Road did the national government build from Baltimore Westford?
National Road what policy did Jackson adopt towards the Indian problem? Indian Removal policy what type of high tax on imported goods is designed to protect National manufacturers against foreign competition? Tariff what was Jackson’s close circle of advisers called? Kitchen cabinet what social reformer in the 1840s was concerned with prison reform and insane asylum reform? Dorothea Dix who was the leading black abolitionist who traveled and gave lectures against slavery? Frederick Douglass what secret network of people gave Aid to runaway slaves traveling north? Underground Railroad what vocal abolitionist condemn slavery through the publication of a newspaper called The Liberator? William L Garrison what American hymn writer compose the tunes for such favorites as my faith looks up to thee and When I Survey the Wondrous Cross? Isaac Watts what do we call the movement to eliminate slavery? Abolition what constitutional principle supports the division of power between National and state levels of government? Federalism
