Chapters 4-5 Flashcards
Hornbook
A child’s first book shaped like a paddle and had the alphabet and the Lord’s prayer.
New England Primer
Standard text throughout the colonial period that provided basic grammar and vocab accented with moral lessons and included a short catechism (instruction regarding christian beliefs)
Dame schools
Schools that were open to boys and girls and were taught by women
Smallpox
A deadly English disease that killed most of the Native Americans
Poor Richard’s Almanac
a page with pictures and words of wisdom by Benjamin Franklin
Puritans
Protestants who agreed wholeheartedly with the Anglican creed, however they thought the church had to be purified from the customs of the Roman Catholic Church
Separatists
Believed the whole church of England was corrupt and that true Christians must separate themselves from it
Congregationalists
New England Puritans who elected its own officers and each church remained independant of other churches
Half-Way Covenant
Church members who had not owned the covenant but whose lives were outwardly moral could present their children for baptism
Salem Witch Trials
Resulted from the claims of several young girls in Salem Village, MA that witches were afflicting them
non-established denominations
Groups that did not have the state support or protection
Roger Williams
Fled from MA, founded RI, and the first baptist church
Baptists
only baptized professing believers and then only by immersing them in water
Quakers
believed that the inner light is a spark of divinity and that man is saved through obeying its leading rather than through the atonement of Christ
George Fox
originated the quakers
Lutheran
followers of Martin Luther
Mennonites
Anabaptists (refused to do anything with the state and believed in a holy, simple life) who followed Menno Simons
Amish
More conservative branch of the Mennonites
Presbyterians
Originated in the British Isles
Huguenots
French Reformed; settled in the colonies after Louis XIV abolished freedom of worship in 1685; many became presbyterians
Moravians
Followed John Huss of Bohemia; emphasized conversation, person piety, and a holy life; evangelism was a concern
Great Awakening
First most significant religious revival in America
Jonathan Edwards
Greatest Theologian of the Great Awakening; preached about justification by faith in 1734; wrote Sinners in the Hands of an Angry
George Whitefield
Outstanding Evangelist who preached outdoors and had a loud voice that enabled him to speak to thousands at a time
Louisiana
French territory named after King Louis XIV
Seven Years’ war
The European name for the French and Indian war
George Washington
22 year old Virginian colonel; built Fort Necessity
Fort Duquesne
Constructed by the french; Pittsburgh = fort dookie
guerrilla warfare
involved surprise attacks by small groups
Albany Congress
Attempted political unity
Benjamin Franklin
Proposed the Albany Plan
Edward Braddock
Tried to capture Fort Duquesne by oragnized open battle
Marquis de Montcalm
French commander in America
William Pitt
British leader who devised a plan to win the French and Indian war
James Wolfe
Killed fighting in Canada
Battle of Quebec
Canadian battle in 1759 that was a major defeat for the French
Treaty of Paris
Required France to give its land back in Canada to the British
George III
British king in 1760
Pontiac
Ottawa chief who led a war against the British after the French and Indian war
Power of the Purse
Salaries for the royal officials, military appropriations, and taxes had to obtain the approval of elected officeholders. Assemblies had the power to initiate their own legislation
Proclaimation of 1763
prohibited colonist from settling beyond the Appalachian Mountains
Sugar Act
placed taxes on certain imported goods. raised revenue for defraying the expenses of defending, protecting and securing the colonies
Stamp Act
levied the first internal tax ever imposed on the colonies. They were being taxed without their consent and traditional power of colonial legislatures were being bypassed
Internal tax
tax on items produced and consumed entirely within the colonies
Sons of Liberty
group of people who were opposed to the Stamp Act
Quartering Act
officially subjected the colonies to a standing army in peacetime and further required that the colonist feed and house them
Patrick Henry
member of the Virginian House of Burgesses; presented resolutions declaring the Virginians possessed all rights and privileges of Englishmen and to grant the right of taxation to every other colony was an act of tyranny
Stamp Act Congress
denounced the stamp act and the seizure of colonial rights that it represented
Samuel Adams
led the Sons of Liberty
Declaratory Act
Parliament had the right to pass any law regarding the colonies that it desired
Townshend Acts
Put taxes on glass, paint, paper, and tea; direct conflict with power of the purse
boycotts
refusal to buy british goods
