US History and Constitution UNIT 3 Flashcards
George M. Pullman refused to meet with workers to hear their requests for higher wages, lower rents, and better working conditions. In protest, Pullman workers walked off the job on May 11, 1894. It mattered in US History because it brought Eugene Debs(one of the founding members of the Industrial Workers of the World) national attention, and led to his conversion to socialism.
Pullman Strike
an industrial lockout and strike which began on July 1, 1892, culminating in a battle between strikers and private security agents on July 6, 1892. It mattered in US history because it helped turn public opinion against the use of hired help like the Pinkertons in labor disputes.
Homestead Act
The response of the B&O Railroads cutting wages of workers for the third time in a year. It mattered because the violence of this strike led to the governors in ten states to mobilize 60,000 militia members to reopen rail traffic and stop cutting wages
Great Railroad Stike
labor organization founded in Chicago in 1905 by representatives of 43 groups
Industrial Workers of the World
A federation of unions that organized workers in industrial unions in the United States and Canada from 1935 to 1955. It mattered because it organized numerous numbers of African American Workers into labor unions for the first time.
Congress of Industrial Workers
A national federation of labor unions in the United States that continues today as the AFL-CIO. It marked the beginning of a continuous large-scale labor movement in the US
American Federation of Labor
An american labor federation. This mattered because it organized unskilled and skilled workers, offered the 8-hour work week, etc.
Knights of Labor
A novel written by Andrew Carnegie, was mainly about the fact that extremely wealthy Americans, such as himself, had a responsibility to spend their money on the greater good. This novel influenced perspectives of the rich and, and the importance of philanthropy.
Gospel of Wealth
The relationship between persons in which one has the power to manage property and the other has the privilege of receiving the benefits from that property. This made many businessmen become huge economic and political forces, almost like allies.
Trusts
A business strategy in which one company grows its operations at the same level in an industry. This was important because it increased product differentiation, reduced competition, and made the company grow in size.
Horizontal Integration
The combination in one company of two or more stages of production normally operated by separate companies. This process helped grow numerous businesses.
Vertical Integration
The founder of a Motor Company. He completely changed the eyes of transportation by inventing a motorized vehicle and introduced the idea of assembly lines.
Henry Ford
term of social criticism that applied to the 19th Century successful businessmen. It defines as a person who has become wealthy through ruthless and ignorant business practices
Robber Barons
a phrase used to describe incredibly wealthy or successful business-people. In particular, the phrase is often used to refer to owners or CEO’s of huge, successful companies.
Captains of Industry
Known for his steel industry. When he first introduced it, it helped fuel the growth of the American cities, railroads, bridges, and factories.
Andrew Carnegie
