URTI Flashcards
Sinusitis Causes
Initial inflammation of sinusitis might be
initially triggered by a cold or allergies.
• Fungus in people who have compromised
immune systems.
• Defects in the structure of the nasal passage.
• Growth like a nasal polyp.
clinical features of Sinusitis
No clinical finding is diagnostic of acute sinusitis. Suggestive clinical features include: • Purulent nasal discharge • Facial pain and tenderness • Periorbital swelling • Headache/toothache • Fever • Symptoms should be present for at least 7 days.
therapy of Sinusitis
therapy
• Antibiotics.
• Painkillers: Ibuprofen Acetaminophen
• Decongestants.
• Allergy medicines
• Surgery with chronic sinusitis or acute sinusitis
that keeps coming back
Acute Infective Rhinitis (Common cold)
➢ Nasal stuffiness, sneezing, rhinorrhea.
➢ Fever, malaise and muscular aches in more severe
infections.
➢ Purulent discharge does not necessarily indicate secondary bacterial infection as desquamated epithelial and inflammatory cells can produce it.
➢ Sometimes a cough may be present indicating some
inflammation of the larynx, trachea or bronchi.
Pharyngitis & Tonsillitis
Most prevalent in children between 4 to 10 years of age.
➢ Sore throat
➢ Cough
➢ Fever, malaise, nasal stuffiness
➢ Pharyngeal erythema ± tonsillar redness / swelling and exudates
➢ Cervical lymphadenopathy
➢ Presence of nasal stuffiness and cough are more typical
of viral infection although occurring in 20% of Streptococcal
pharyngitis.
Croup syndrome
Croup syndrome includes essentially viral croup: a- Acute laryngotracheobronchitis b- Acute Epiglottitis c- acute infectious laryngitis d-Acute spasmodic laryngitis.(Spasmodic cough)
Differential diagnosis of croup
Differential diagnosis of croup • Spasmodic cough • Laryngeal or esophageal foreign body • Angioneurotic edema • Retropharyngeal abscess
Acute laryngotracheobronchitis
The most common type of croup syndromes
• Etiology: 1. Para influenza virus 2. Respiratory syncytial virus 3. influenza virus 4. Rubeola virus 5. adenovirus
Pn; PAIR+MC
Tt of croup
Therapy:
• Supportive: 1-Humidification: by cold, humidified O2 Monitoring by arterial blood gases analysis 2- Racemic epinephrine (2.5 solution ) delivered by
nebulizer improves air exchange. 3- corticosteroids: 2.5 mg/ kg dexamethazone
in severe cases.
Etiology
Of epiglotitis
Cp
Haemophilis influenza type B in almost cases
• Clinical picture: abrupt onset of : High fever Respiratory distress Stridor drooling of saliva
Diagnosis of epiglottis
• Visualization of swollen, cherry- red epiglottis by
laryngoscope
• Radiology: Lateral veiw of nasopharynx (edematous epiglottis )
• Immunologic tests for H. influenza antigen in serum
or urine
Epiglottis tt
1-intubation Ventilatory support until edema subsides.
• I.V. antibiotic therapy: Ampicellin Third generation cephalosporin
Acute infectious laryngitis
common illness
• in all age groups
• caused by viruses: Rhinoviruses Parainfluenza
viruses, Respiratory syncytial virus, Adenoviruses, Influenza viruses, Measles virus, Mumps virus, Bordetella pertussis, Varicella-zoster virus.
Clinical picture:
Of Acute infectious laryngitis
Clinical picture: • Fever. • sore throat. • Hoarseness. • Cough. • swollen lymph nodes • possibly mild inspiratory stridor. Respiratory distress is rare with the exception of young infants.
Acute infectious laryngitis
Tt
Therapy
• Analgesic
• Antipyretic
• Inhalation of humidified air.
• Antibiotics are indicated if diphtheria is thought to
be the cause.
• A short course of steroids (prednisone, prednisolone, or dexamethasone) may be used to decrease the inflammation and shorten the course of symptoms.
