Psychiatry Flashcards
ADHD
ADHD • Symptoms must be in two settings: Home and
school for more than 6 months • 6 out of 9 symptoms • Present before age 12
Hyperactive/impuslive type
Restless • Fidgety (moves hands and feet) • Always on the Go (like being driven by an engine).
Can not sit still • Leaves seat frequently • Talks excessively • Interrupts others • Struggles to wait for his/her turn • Unable to engage in leisure activities quietly
Inattentive type
Inattentive type
• Lack of attention to details/ careless mistakes • Difficulty sustaining attention • Does not seem to listen when spoken to • Does not follow through on instructions • Difficulty organizing tasks • Avoids tasks that require sustained mental effort • Loses and misplaces objects • Easily distracted • Forgetful in daily activities
Epidemiology
• 9% of children and adolescents before age 17 • Boys are more likely to be diagnosed with
ADHD than girls (12.9% compared to 5.6%)
treatment ADHD
• Behavioural therapy • Stimulants: methylphenidate, concerta : high
success rate around 80% aiming to increase
dopamine levels • About 3 in 4 US children with current ADHD
receive treatment
Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
Persistent deficits in multiple contexts in the following: - Social communication - Social interaction - Restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities
Symptoms must be present in the early developmental period (but may not become fully manifest until social demands exceed limited capacities or may be masked by learned strategies in later life).
Symptoms cause clinically significant impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of current functioning.
Defecits must be not due to:
• Global Developmental Delay • Intellectual Disability (can co-exist)
Restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities (2 of the following)
ASD
• Stereotyped or repetitive motor movements, use of objects, or speech (e.g., simple
motor stereotypies, lining up toys or flipping objects, echolalia, idiosyncratic
phrases).
• Insistence on sameness, inflexible adherence to routines, or ritualized patterns or
verbal nonverbal behavior (e.g., extreme distress at small changes, difficulties with
transitions, rigid thinking patterns, greeting rituals, need to take same route or eat
food every day).
• Highly restricted, fixated interests that are abnormal in intensity or focus (e.g, strong
attachment to or preoccupation with unusual objects, excessively circumscribed or
perseverative interest).
• Hyper- or hypo-reactivity to sensory input or unusual interests in sensory aspects of
the environment (e.g., apparent indifference to pain/temperature, adverse response
to specific sounds or textures, excessive smelling or touching of objects, visual
fascination with lights or movement
Child abuse
Non-accidental Injury= ?abuse • Interview child after consulting with social
worker about the injury • Follow hospital procedure regarding reporting • Emotional abuse? Consider parents mental
health
