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URT Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Antitussives Therapeutic action

A

Blocks cough reflex

Act directly on medullary cough center to depress cough

Benzonatate acts as a local anesthetic on resp passages, lungs, pleurae, blocking effectiveness of stretch receptors

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2
Q

Topical Nasal Decongestants Therapeutic action

A

Decrease production of secretions by decreasing blood flow to the URT

Causes vasoconstriction, creating decreased edema and inflammation in nasal membranes

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3
Q

Antihistamines Therapeutic action

A

Block the release or action of histamines

Anticholinergic and antipruritic effects

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4
Q

Expectorants Therapeutic action

A

Increase productive cough to clear airways

Reduces adhesiveness and surface tension

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5
Q

Mucolytics Therapeutic action

A

Liquefy/ increases resp secretions to aid in the clearing of airways

Acetylcysteine splits apart disulfide bonds that hold mucous material together

Dornase alfa selectively breaks down resp tract mucus by seperating extracellular DNA from proteins

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6
Q

Antitussives prototypes

A

Codeine, dextromethorphan, benzonatate

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7
Q

Antitussives indications

A

Treats uncomfy, unproductive cough

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8
Q

Antitussives Pharmaco

A

Rapid absorption
Hepatic metabolism
Urine excretion
Cross placenta and milk

Benzonatate: hepatic metabolism and urine excretion

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9
Q

Antitussives Contraindications

A

PTS WHO NEED TO COUGH TO MAINTAIN AIRWAY, HAVE HEAD INJURY, HAVE IMPAIRED CNS

Prego + lactation (anticholinergic effect dries up milk)

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10
Q

Antitussives Cautions

A

THOSE W/ CODEINE OR HYDROCODONE WHOULD BE USED IN CAUTION IN THOSE WITH HX OF ADDICTION

Asthma or emphysema
Hypersensitivity

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11
Q

Antitussives AE

A

Dying effect on mucous membranes
CNS (dizziness, resp depression)
GI (nausea, locally acting)

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12
Q

Antitussives DD Interactions

A

MAOIs (selegiline, isocarboxazid, phenelzine, and tranylcypromine)

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13
Q

Topical Nasal Decongestants Prototypes

A

Oxymetazoline and phenylephrine

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14
Q

Topical Nasal Decongestants Indications

A

Relieves discomfort of nasal congestion that comes with the common cold, sinusitis, and allergic rhinitis

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15
Q

Topical Nasal Decongestants Pharmaco

A

Immediate onset
Not generally absorbed systemically
Hepatic metabolism
Urine excretion

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16
Q

Topical Nasal Decongestants Contraindications

A

LESIONS OR EROSION IN MUCOS MEMBRANES

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17
Q

Topical Nasal Decongestants Cautions

A

Prego and lactation
Any condition that might be exacerbated by sympathetic activity (REGULATE BP)

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18
Q

Topical Nasal Decongestants AE

A

Local stinging and burning
Rebound congestion
Disorientation, N/V, confusion, fever

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19
Q

Oral Decongestants Therapeutic Actions

A

Shrink the nasal mucous membrane by stimulating the alpha-adrenergic receptors in the nasal mucous membranes

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20
Q

Oral Decongestants Prototypes

A

Pseudoephedrine and phenylephrine

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21
Q

Oral Decongestants Indications

A

Decrease nasal congestion from common cold, sinusitis, allergic rhinitis/pain and congestion of otitis media

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22
Q

Oral Decongestants Pharmaco

A

Generally well absorbed
Widely distributed
Hepatic metabolism
Urine excretion

23
Q

Oral Decongestants Cautions

A

ANY CONDITION THAT MIGHT BE EXACERBATED BY SYMPATHETIC ACTIVITY (HX OF HYPERTENSION)

Prego and lactation

24
Q

Oral Decongestants AE

A

Rebound congestion
Sympathomimetic effects (anxiety, restless, headache, dizziness, hypertension, urinary retention)

25
Oral Decongestants DD Interactions
Concurrent use of OTC products that contain these drugs ALWAYS READ LABELS TO AVOID OD
26
Steroid Nasal Decongestants prototypes
Fluticasone
27
Steroid Nasal Decongestants Therapeutic actions
Anti-inflammatory action results from direct local effect blocking reactions responsible for inflammatory response' Exact mechanism of action unknown
28
Steroid Nasal Decongestants Indications
Allergic rhinitis Relieve inflammation after removal of nasal polyps First-line medication for nasal congestion
29
Steroid Nasal Decongestants Pharmaco
'MAY TAKE 1 WEEK TO CAUSE CHANGES Not generally absorbed systemically
30
Steroid Nasal Decongestants Contraindications
Acute infection
31
Steroid Nasal Decongestants Cautions
Avoid exposure to airborne infections Prego and lactations
32
Steroid Nasal Decongestants AE
Local burning, irritation, stinging, dryness of the mucosa, and headache supression of healing in those who had nasal surgery or trauma
33
Steroid Nasal Decongestants DD Interactions
Concurrent nasal medications should not be given without consulting provider Always ask bout current drug use!!!
34
Antihistamines Prototypes
Diphenhydramine, Loratadine, Fexofenadine
35
Antihistamines Indications
Relief of symptoms from seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis, uncomplicated urticaria, and angioedema Used for blood and blood product allergic reactions
36
Antihistamines Pharmaco
Well absorbed orally Hephatic metabolism Feces and urine excretion Cross placenta and milk
37
Antihistamines Contraindications
Prego and Lactations
38
Antihistamines Cautions
1ST GENS: HX OF ARRHYTHMIAS OR PROLONGED QT INTERVAL Renal or hepatic impairment
39
Antihistamines AE
Drowsiness and sedation Anticholinergic (urinary retention, bradycardia)
40
Antihistamines DD Interactions
Don't give CNS depressants
41
Expectorants Prototypes
Guaifensin
42
Expectorants Indications
Relief of symptoms of respiratory conditions
43
Expectorants Pharmaco
Rapidly absorbed Sites of metabolism and excretion not reported
44
Expectorants Contraindications
Known allergies
45
Expectorants Cautions
Prego and lactation Persistent cough
46
Expectorants AE
PROLONGED USE MAY RESULT IN MASKING SYMPTOMS OF SERIOUS UNDERLYING DISORDER (cough >2 weeks, see provider) GI (N/V) Headache, dizziness, or both
47
Expectorants DD Interactions
No known significant interactions Caution patients that there may be interactions with other meds in OTC combo
48
Mucolytics Prototypes
Acetylcysteine and Dornase Alfa
49
Mucolytics Indications
ANTIDOTE TO ACETAMINOPHEN OD (protects liver cells) Liquefaction and clearing of secretions Treats atelectasis from thick mucous secretions as in CF
50
Mucolytics Pharmaco
Acetylcysteine: Hepatic metabolism, somewhat urine secretion Dornase alfa: metabolized by proteases
51
Mucolytics Contraindications
Hx of hypersensitivity reactions
52
Mucolytics Cautions
Asthma (bronchospasms) Prego and lactation
53
Mucolytics AE
STOMATITIS (assess skin) GI (Nausea) Rhinorrhea Bronchospasm Rash
54
Mucolytics DD interactions
None known

Pharma 2 (9 decks)

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