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Pulmonary > URT Disorders > Flashcards

URT Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

etiologies of the common cold

A 
Rhinovirus
Influenza 
Adenovirus
Coronavirus
group A strep
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2
Q

Seasonality of rhino virus

A

early fall

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3
Q

Seasonality of corona virus

A

winter

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4
Q

Why does the common cold lead to rhinorrhea?

A

virus infect cells
–> inflammation –> inc vascular permeability –> serum transudation –> rhinorrhea

–> irritation of airway receptors –> cholinergic stim –> inc mucus production

***8:34

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5
Q

Why does the common cold lead to cough?

A

virus infect cells –> irritation of airway receptors –> cholinergic stim –>bronchoconstriction –> cough

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6
Q

Why does the common cold lead to nasal obstruction?

A

virus infect cells –> inflammation

  • -> inc vascular permeability –> tissue edema –> obstruction
  • -> vascular dilation –> obstruction
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7
Q

how is the common cold transmitted

A

direct contact > inhalation

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8
Q

how is the common cold managed?

A

supportive care, NO abx

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9
Q

What usually causes sinusitis?

A

2ndary infection bc the outflow from one of the sinuses is decreased
**most often maxillary sinus

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10
Q

What are the predisposing factor to developing sinusitis ?

A
  1. impaired mucocillialry function
  2. obstruction of sinus ostia
  3. immune defects
  4. increased risk from cocaine use. swimming, intubation, etc
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11
Q

presents as…

Nasal discharge, nasal congestion, facial pressure, cough, fever, muscle aches, joint pains, sore throat with hoarseness

A

acute viral rhibosinusitis

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12
Q

What is the seasonality of acute viral Rhinosinusitis

A

fall, winter, spring

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13
Q

Causative agents of acute bacterial sinusitis

A

S. pneumo
Nontypeable Haemophilus Influenzae
Moraxella Catarrhalis

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14
Q

Feeling of fullness and pressure over the involved sinuses, nasal congestion and purulent nasal discharge.Sore throat, malaise, low grade fever, headache, toothache, cough > 1 week duration.

A

acute bacterial sinusitis

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15
Q

How long does cough usually last in acute bacterial sinusitis?

A

> 1 week

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16
Q

How long may symptoms last in acute viral and bacterial sinusitis?

A

10-14 days

17
Q

How is the diagnosis of sinusitis made?

A

clinical signs and symptoms:

palpate sinuses and look for deviated nasal septum

18
Q

How is bacterial sinusitis treated?

A

most improve w/o intervention

abx for those that have symp > 10 days or worsening symp

19
Q

What tx for acute bac sinusitis should be discouraged

A

OTC nasal decongestant sprays for > 5 days

20
Q

What supportive therapies can be used for sinusitis?

A
  1. steam to liquify secretions
  2. sailine qid to liquify secretions
  3. decongestants to inc ostial diameter
  4. topical steroids (limit to chronic sinusitis/allergies)
21
Q

What is the definition of chronic sinusitis?

What is the “cure”?

A
  1. sinusitis symptoms for > 12 weeks
  2. > 4 episodes/year (each lasting >10 days)
  3. CT showing persistent infection despite abx

surgery

22
Q

osteomeatal obstruction

A

pathogenesis of chronic sinusitis

23
Q

Who gets acute phayngitis?

A

5-18 yo and adult women

24
Q

Centor critera

A
  1. tonsilar exudates
  2. tender ant cervical adenopathy
  3. Hx of fever
  4. absence of cough

**Patients with 0-2 Centor criteria = unlikely to have GAS (should not receive either antibiotic treatment or diagnostic testing)

*CENTor (cervical LAD, exudates, no cough, temp)

25
Q

Dx of strep pharyngitis \

A

Gold std = throat culture
rapid Ag detection
** if rapid Ag screen in negative, get CULTURE

26
Q

Complications of strep pharyngitis

A
  1. acute rheumatoid fever
  2. post strep glomerulonephritis
  3. scarlet fever
  4. peritonsilar abscess
  5. strep TSS
  6. epiglottitis

GREATS (glomeruloneph, rheumatoid fever, epiglottitis, abscess, toxic shock, scarlet fever)

27
Q

coalescing pseudomembrane that adheres tightly to the underlying tissue and bleeds with scraping

A

diptheria

28
Q

WHat is the most common infectious cause of epiglottitis?

A

Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib)

***there is a vaccine so it is rate now

29
Q

T or F: suspected epiglottitis is a medical emergency

A

T

30
Q

How does epiglottitis presnet

A

the three Ds
dysphagia, drooling, and distress

**will be in tripod position too

31
Q

orthomyxovirus

A

influenza

32
Q

significance of ss-RNA in influenze

A

high mutation rate

**not saying anything more bc everything else he has is in the micro shit

Pulmonary (31 decks)

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