Ctrl of Breathing Flashcards

1
Q

How does the pneumotaxic center contribute to respiration?

A

regulates respiratory rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How does the apneustic center contribute to respiration?

A

prolongs inspiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where are the pneumotaxic and apneustic center located?

A

pons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

When the medulla triggers rhythm generating neurons, (inspiration/expiration) occurs; when the signal stops, (inspiration/expiration) occurs.

A

inspiration
expiration

(these signals trigger motor nerves that activate muscles involved in respiration)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Where are gamma efferents located?

A

muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How do baroreceptors affect respiration?

A

signal to medulla to increase respiration when decreased BP sensed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Alveolar ventilation is regulated in response to:

A

arterial PCO2, pH and PO2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is sensed to regulate minute to minute stability of arterial gases and pH?

A

partial pressure of arterial CO2

metabolism relative to ventilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How do high CO2 levels in the blood affect ventilation?

A
  • -In the extracellular fluid, CO2 forms bicarb and H ions, which are sensed by H sensitive neurons.
  • -Medulla senses pH changes
  • -Respiration is increased in response

CO2 freely diffuses across BBB?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How do chemosensitive cells react to long term elevations in PCO2?

A

reset themselves to the new nml:

  • -bicarb is pumped into BBB via transport protein
  • -medulla senses the increased pH and lowers respiratory drive
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

If the respiratory drive is too high (COPD) in response to chronically elevated PCO2, you will see metabolic (acidosis/alkalosis) in response to respiratory (acidosis/alkalosis)

A

alkalosis
acidosis

**the medulla is sensing decreased pH, which increases respiratory rate; high bicarb crosses BBB to reset ventilation to function at a higher CO2 level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What type of channels are present in carotid bodies? How do they work?

A

O2 sensitive K channel

  • -decreased O2 inhibits the channel
  • -this depolarizes the cell and increases excitability
  • -excitatory neurotransmitters are released to the glossopharyngeal nerve
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is sensed by the carotid bodies?

A

arterial PO2 (not content)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Carotid bodies are (fast/slow) responders to gas changes

A

fast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How are central chemoreceptors reset at high altitude (chronic hypoxia)?

A
  • -arterial PO2 decreased due to altitude = carotid body increases alveolar flow (ventilation)
  • -this decreases arterial PCO2 which raises pH in brain
  • -central chemoreceptors block increased respiratory drive
  • -bicarb moves out, which lowers/resets the pH
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How does the body compensate for respiratory alkalosis?

A

decreasing plasma bicarb

**this sentence in his notes was confusing