Urology pediatrics

Question 1

what is important

Answer 1

glomerular basement membrane

Question 2

how do patients present?

Answer 2

haematuria, proteinuria

Question 3

nephritic syndrome nephrotic more protein

Answer 3

more blood

Question 4

most common

Answer 4

minimal change disease- epithelial cell
basement membrane
post infectious glomerulonephritis

Question 5

congenital glomerupathy

Answer 5

basement membrane proteins

-alport syndrome

Question 6

proteinuria

Answer 6

dipstix
3+

protein creatinine ratio
-early morning urine

24hr urine collection

Question 7

nephortic syndrome

Answer 7

starling forces

hydrostatic causes oedema

Question 8

nephrotic syndrome

Answer 8

prednisolone 8 weeks

side effects from high dose glucocorticoids

Question 9

causes of haematuria

Answer 9

systemic
-clotting disorders
Renal:
glomerulonephritis- 3+plus and 3+ protein

Question 10

approach to diagnosis immunological

Answer 10

chase most likely diagnosis

immunology workup

radiology

Question 11

acute post infectious glomerulonephritis

Answer 11

usually group A strep
pathogenesis
antigen mimicry
subsequently deposited in kidney
either in mesangial or basement membrane

Question 12

what to focus on

Answer 12

minimal change (nephrotic)
HSP IGa (nephritis)

Question 13

Acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease

Answer 13

AKI

haemolytic uraemic syndrom

Question 14

CKD

Answer 14

congenital anomalies of kidney and urinary tract

hereditary conditions

glomerulonephritis (only 10%)

Question 15

scaring

Answer 15

UTI, Vulnerable Kidney (papilla shape), VUR

Question 16

metabolic disease

Answer 16

kidneys wee out phosphate
high phosphate- increase PTH
Kidneys activate Vitamin D
Treatment principles
-Low phosphate diet
-Oral phosphate binders