neonatology

Question 1

cardiac development

Answer 1

20 to 50 days after fertilization

Question 2

foetal circulation

Answer 2

oxygenated blood via umbilical vein- ductus venosus
some blood via foramen ovale to left atrium
some of blood to right ventricle- pulmonary artery- patent ductus arteriosus
saturation of SaO2 in foetal boody is 60-70%

Question 3

ductus arteriosus

Answer 3

allows the blood to skip the circulation to the lungs. However, when the baby is born, the blood must receive oxygen in the lungs and this hole is supposed to close. If the ductus arteriosus is still open (or patent) the blood may skip this necessary step of circulation.

Question 4

blood pressure

Answer 4

1hr 70/44
3 days
77/49

breathing/respiratory
30/60min
periodical breathing

heart rate 120 -160bpm
Tachycardia >160b/min
bradycardia<100

Question 5

thermoregulation

Answer 5

newborn babies lack shivering thermogenesis thus need a metabolic production

brown fat well innervated
cold stress leads to lipolysis

Question 6

jaundice

Answer 6

blue light converts bilirubin to soluble form

Question 7

weight loss

Answer 7

10% is normal
shift of interstitiial fluid to intravascular
diuresis

Question 8

fluid balance in premature infants

Answer 8

less fat in body composition
increased loss through kidney
increased insensible water loss

Question 9

BPD (broncho pulmonary dysplasia)

Answer 9

overstretch by volu baro trauma
Atelectasis
infection via ETT
O2 toxicity
inflammatory changes
tissue repair-scarring
treatent:
patience
nutrition & growth
steroids

Question 10

Outcome of extreme prematurity

Answer 10

surprising deterioration between 2nd and year 6th
also some unexpected improvement
unpredicable at time ofbirth

1/3 dies
1/3 have normal life or mild disability
1/3 have moderate disability