💧Urology💧- Dialysis & Kidney Transplant Flashcards
What are the 2 types of dialysis?
Haemodialysis
Peritoneal dialysis
What is haemodialysis?
Blood is removed from the patient, filtered through a dialyzer (artificial kidney), and then returned to the body
What is the filtration mechanism for haemodialysis?
A semipermeable membrane allows waste, toxins, and excess fluids to diffuse into a dialysis solution (dialysate)
How is haemodialysis performed
3-4.5 hours of treatment 3 times per week
Allows for4 treatment free daysper week
What restrictions do haemodialysis patients undergo?
Strict dietary restrictions
Also salt/water intake restrictions
How is access gained for haemodialysis?
Ideally an arteriovenous fistula (requires an operation under local anaesthetic)
Tunnelled central venous line (carries risk of bacteraemia if become infected)
What is peritoneal dialysis?
Dialysate is introduced into the peritoneal cavity via a catheter - peritoneal membrane acts as a natural filter
Waste and excess fluid move from blood vessels into the dialysate, which is later drained
How is peritoneal dialysis performed?
Performedat home, generally overnight. Saves journey time and travel requirement
Normally 7 days a weekbut can often have a weekend off if needed
What are the advantages of peritoneal dialysis?
Lesser constraintsfor food and water intake
Can travel easily– machine packs into a wheelie suitcase and fluids delivered by the companies internationally
Day time Exchanges can be done anywhere
What is the main disadvantage of peritoneal dialysis?
Chance of infection - due to catheter
For example, peritonitis
Outline kidney transplantation
Transplanted Kidney: Placed in a different anatomical location from native kidneys
Recipient Vein & Artery connected to the Donor Vein & Artery
Transplanted Ureter connected to the Recipient’s Bladder
What happens to the native kidneys in a kidney transplant?
Typically left in place unless they cause complications (e.g., infection, hypertension, or polycystic kidney disease)
What are the major risks following kidney transplant?
Diabetes
CVD
Cancer
Psychiatric disease
What can be done to mitigate the risk of diabetes?
Active lifestyle
Low sugar and salt diet
What can be done to minimise risk of CVD?
Active lifestyle
Measure and manage BP
What can be done to minimise cancer risk?
Use sunscreen and cover up
Regularly check skin, breasts
What can be done to avoid psychiatric disorders?
Be mindful
Seek help
What should be avoided after a kidney transplant?
Foods with infection risk (raw eggs, raw meat etc..)
NSAIDs/Herbal medicines (kidney damage)
Live vaccines (patients are immunosuppressed)
Alcohol, smoking, recreational drugs (duh)
