Urology Cancers Flashcards
What is a raised PSA ?
Anything more than >4.
If high must re-chek PSA.
What is the imaging for prostate cancer ?
Prostate MRI
and then a biopsy.
What is the main risk of a prostate biospy?
infection.
How to stage prostate cancer.
Gleason score.
Which nodes might be inflammed with prostate cancer
Pelvic nodes and retroperitoneal nodes.
Can do this with a CT scan
CT scan is best for nodes !!
Where does prostate cancer usually metastasis?
How do you assess this ?
bones.
bone scan
How to diagnose prostate cancer.
tumour marker
histological type
TNM - Stage/extension.
Grade - Gleason score.
Is this low, medium , or high risk ?
Prostate adenocarcinoma Gleason score 9, presenting PSA at 7
High risk
Is this low, medium, or high risk ?
Prostate adenocarcinoma Gleason score 6, presenting PSA at 7
low risk
What is the treatment for prostate cancer?
if its ….
1 - Localised
2- Metastatic
When is medical castration used ?
What is the treatment option ?
metastatic prostate CA.
3 monthly infection.
What is the main risk factor for bladder cancer ?
Smoking
What is the surgery for a bladder cancer ?
TURBT (Transurethral resection of bladder tumour).
What is the treatment for bladder carcinoma.
What is an ileal conduit.
An ileal conduit (IC) is the most common urinary diversion performed by urologists after a patient undergoes a radical cystectomy (bladder removal).
Where does kidney cancer spread ?
What imaging needs to be done ?
What is the surgery ?
Retro-peritoneal and lungs
CT.
Nephrectomy
What is the treatment for this ?
Radical nephrectomy.
what is the treatment for this ?
Partial nephrectomy.
What are the investigations for testicular cancer ?
What is the surgery for this ?
