urology a & p

Question 1

urology ap

Answer 1

Kidneys 
Ureters
Urinary bladder
Urethra
Prostate (men)

functional: nephron

Question 2

kidney function

Answer 2

Maintain fluid and electrolyte homeostasis
Rid the body of water soluble wastes via urine
Three important endocrine functions:
Produces erythropoietin- stimulates RBC production
Activates Vitamin D
Produces renin, which helps regulate blood pressure

can function 10-25% nephrons

Question 3

kidney tissue

Answer 3

Renal pelvis
- Large collecting area for urine that drains from the nephrons

Medulla

• Contains 8-12 pyramids that consist of:
• Collecting tubules
• Collecting ducts
• Loops of Henle & capillaries

Renal cortex
- Contains all glomeruli and 85% of nephron tubules

Question 4

kidney blood supply

Answer 4

¼ of cardiac output is delivered to the kidneys

Total kidney blood flow is 1200 mL/min

Question 5

the nephron

Answer 5

A nephron must:
Filter water-soluble substances from the blood
Reabsorb filtered nutrients, water, and electrolytes
Secrete wastes and excesses
Each nephron has a glomerulus and a tubule

Question 6

the nephron - glomerus

Answer 6

Glomerulus
Filters fluid from the blood into tubules
Prevents passage of RBC’s and proteins
Surrounded by a Bowman’s capsule
The overall glomerular filtration rate is about 125 mL/min
Each of the other segments of the nephron are also specialized for different functions

Question 7

URETER, bladder, urethra

Answer 7

Two Ureters

• Narrow tubes, 10-12 inches long
• Drain urine from renal pelvis to bladder

Bladder

• Reservoir for urine
• Normal output is 1500 mL/day

Urethra

• Small muscular tube from bladder neck to meatus
• Female = 1-2 inches; Male = 8-10 inches long