urologic cancers

Question 1

risk factors renal cell carcinoma

Answer 1

Renal Cell Carcinoma (85%) of kidney cancers
Risk factors:
Smoking*
Obesity*
Age
Male
Genetics

Question 2

clinical manifestations renal cell carcinoma early and late

Answer 2

Early manifestations?
- none, usually undiagnosed

Late manifestations:
CVA tenderness
Hematuria
Palpable abdominal mass

Question 3

tx renal cell carcinoma

Answer 3

Symptoms r/t metastases:
- s/s r/t disease traveling to lungs and/or bones

Chemotherapy?

• resistant to traditional chemo
• surgery to remove kidney

Question 4

bladder cancer - urothelial carcinoma (90%)

risk factors

Answer 4

4th most common cancer in MEN
lining within the bladder

risk factors
Smoking*
Male
Occupations with exposure to toxins
Low fluid intake

Question 5

clinical manifestations bladder cancer

Answer 5

Early symptoms:
Hematuria
- need UA

Later symptoms: similar to UTI
Frequency
Urgency
Dysuria

Question 6

how to tx bladder cancer

Answer 6

Chemotherapy- depends on the stage!
Stage 1 = Intravesical chemo - stays local to bladder

Advanced stages = Systemic chemo

Question 7

what is intravesical therapy for early stage (stage 1) bladder cancer

Answer 7

BCG Vaccine (6 – 12 weeks)
MOA: Stimulates a local inflammatory response in bladder

Adverse effects:
Bladder irritation!
Risk of systemic infection

Patient instructions:
Empty bladder
Dwell time = __2_ hours
Change positions q _15__ minutes

Safety precautions?

• live virus, NO IMMUNOCOMPROMISED PT
• disinfect urine after 6 hours