Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

kidney > ckd > Flashcards

ckd Flashcards

1
Q

What is GFR of Stage 1 CKD?

A

> or equal to 90

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is GFR of Stage 2 CKD?

A

60-89

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is GFR of Stage 3A CKD?

A

45-59

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is GFR of Stage 3B CKD?

A

30-44

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is GFR of Stage 4 CKD?

A

15-29

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is GFR of Stage 5 CKD?

A

<15 (or dialysis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Manifestations of Stage 1 CKD?

try to diagnose here

A

Asymptomatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Manifestations of Stage 2 CKD?

A

Asymptomatic, possible HTN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Manifestations of Stage 3A & 3B CKD?

A

HTN, otherwise asymptomatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Manifestations of Stage 4 CKD?

A

Manifestations becoming apparent

- dx often occurs here

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Manifestations of Stage 5 CKD?

A

“Uremic”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Description of Stage 1 CKD

A

Kidney damage with normal or increased GFR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Description of Stage 2 CKD

A

Kidney damage with mild decreased GFR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Description of Stage 3A & 3B CKD

A

Moderate decreased GFR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Description of Stage 4 CKD

A

Severe decreased GFR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Description of Stage 5 CKD

A

Kidney failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Action plan for Stage 1 CKD?

A

Diagnose and treat
CVD risk reduction
Slow progression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Action plan for Stage 2 CKD?

A

Estimation of progression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Action plan for Stage 3A CKD?

A

Evaluation and treatment of complications

20
Q

Action plan for Stage 3B CKD?

A

More aggressive treatment of complications

21
Q

Action plan for Stage 4 CKD?

A

Prep for renal replacement therapy ( dialysis, kidney transplant)

22
Q

Action plan for Stage 5 CKD?

A

Renal replacement therapy (if uremia present and patient desires treatment)

23
Q

ESRD: No longer maintaining F & E homeostasis =

A 
Edema
Hyperkalemia
Hyperphosphatemia
Hypermagnesemia
Metabolic Acidosis
24
Q

ESRD: No longer rids the body of wastes via urine =

A

Anorexia
Malnutrition
Itching
CNS changes

25
Q

ESRD: Decreased production of erythropoietin =

A

Anemia

26
Q

ESRD: Decreased activation of Vitamin D =

A

Renal osteodystrophy

27
Q

How to prevent CKD?

A

Diagnose and control underlying problems like: HTN & DM

Early detection and treatment of CKD

28
Q

Nursing Problems r/t CKD

A 
Excess Fluid Volume
Malnourishment
Risk for Injury
Grieving
Risk for Infection
Activity Intolerance
29
Q

Collaborative Care for CKD (NOT Dialysis)

A

Prevention: control HTN, DM
If needing contrast dye: Acetylcysteine, Force Fluids
Monitor nephrotoxic drugs: NSAIDS, aminoglycosides
Monitor F & E levels
I&Os, daily weight
Treat the symptoms

30
Q

Symptoms of CKD

A 
Volume Overload
Hyperkalemia
Metabolic acidosis
Mineral and Bone disorders (PO4 and Ca)
HTNAnemia
Dyslipidemia
Malnutrition
31
Q

CKD Drug Therapy

Want to treat:

A 
HTN - keep below 140/90
  - ACE/ARB
hyperlipidemia - keep total cholesterol less than 200
  - statin
Overload
Hyperkalemia
renal osteodystrophy
Anemia
hyperphosphatemia
metabolic acidosis
32
Q

What is the renal diet?

A

Decreased protein, decreased potassium, decreased sodium (possibly decreased magnesium, decreased phosphorus) and fluid restriction

33
Q

Goals with CKD?

A

Meet nutritional needs

Meet F & E needs

34
Q

CKD: Teach patient to report:

A 
Weight gain > 4lbs
Increasing BP
SOA
Edema
Increasing fatigue/weakness
Confusion/lethargy
35
Q

CKD: Teach alternate ways to reduce thirst:

A

suck on ice cubes, lemon, hard candy

36
Q

Teach:

A

medications and common side effects

37
Q

CKD: Teach:

A

dietary restrictions, dietary modifications, fluid restrictions and fluid intake

38
Q

CKD: Teach importance of :

A

support and encouragement(r/t lifestyle changes, living with chronic illness, decisions about type of dialysis, etc)

39
Q

Important for CKD patients to comply with these 3 things:

A

Nutritional consult and follow up
Good written resources
Good support system

40
Q

ckd definition

A

Defined:
Presence of kidney damage for more than 3 months with or without a GFR of < 60

An inability to:
Maintain acid-base balance
Remove end products of metabolism
Maintain fluid and electrolyte balance

41
Q

causes end stage kidney disease

A

diabetes - 50%
HTN- 30%
glomerulonephritis - 10%
other

42
Q

risk factors ckd

A 
Family history
Increasing age (>60)
Male
African American
HTN, DM, smoking
Overweight and obesity
43
Q

treat metabolic acidosis

A 
Prototype: Sodium Bicarbonate (oral) 
Goals of therapy:
Slow progression of CKD
Prevent bone loss
Improve nutritional status
Administration:
Initiate when plasma HCO3 is < 15 mEq/mL
What lab test do we use to measure this? CO2 on BMP
Titrate to a HCO3 of 18-20
Consider switch to sodium citrate if bloating is a problem
44
Q

tx hyperphosphatemia

A 
Prototype: Calcium carbonate (Tums)
MOA: Binds to phosphate 
Goals of therapy:
Keep phosphate levels normal (or near normal)
Reduce mortality
Important for patient to take with meals
Why?  - helps absorption

Adverse effect:
Hypercalcemia (monitor calcium levels)

45
Q

tx renal osteodystrophy

A

Prototype: Calcitriol (1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D)
MOA:
Activated form of Vitamin D
Stimulates intestinal absorption of calcium/phosphate and bone mineralization

Adverse effects:
Hypercalcemia
Hyperphosphatemia
What are signs of calcium toxicity?
GI upset, bone pain, neuro effects, cardiac arrhythmias
46
Q

drug therapy complications

A 
Many drugs are excreted through the kidneys
What happens if drug elimination is decreased?
Drug doses and frequency may be adjusted
Drugs of particular concern:
Digoxin 
Diabetic agents (glyburide, metformin)
Antibiotics (Vancomycin)
Opioids (morphine)

kidney (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions