Urology Flashcards
What are common causes of painful scrotum?
- testicular torsion
- torsion of testis appendix
- trauma
- malignancy
- epidydimitis
- inguinal hernia (incarcerated)
- mumps orchiditis
What are common cause of painless but enlarged scrotum?
- hydrocele
- varicocele
- malignancy
- proteinuria
- inguinal hernia
- HSP
When should an ultrasound be done in the case of a varicocele?
• If the child presents before age 10 or on the R side
MUST RULE OUT ABDOMINAL MASS
What is the purpose of surgical intervention in the case of varicoceles?
Preservation of fertility
When should repair of a congenital hydrocele take place?
12 months of age (as most congenital hydroceles will have reabsorbed by this age)
What is the most common cause of testicular pain in pre-adolescent boys?
Torsion of the appendix testis
What is the treatment for torsion of the appendix testis?
- Reassurance; will resolve in 3-5 days
- Bedrest
- NSAIDs as required
How do you treat labial adhesions?
- Topical estrogen or betamethasone ointment using a cotton swab x 6 wks
- Apply petroleum jelly x 1 month to prevent recurrence
What is the general treatment for urethral prolapse?
- Application of estrogen cream 2-3 times daily for 3-4 weeks
- Sitz baths
- Failing these treatments, surgical excision and reapproximation of the mucosal edges is curative
What are some common causes of rectal prolapse?
- Ehler’s Danlos Syndrome
- Pertussis
- Constipation
- Cystic Fibrosis
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease
- Intestinal parasites
When do you refer for unilateral orchidopexy?
6 months (with repair done at 12 months)
What is the main reason for performing an orchidopexy?
To preserve fertility (pick over cancer prevention - seminoma)
What finding is pathognomonic for testicular torsion?
Absent cremesteric reflex
What condition should be considered in a child found to have congenital absence of the vas deferens?
Cystic Fibrosis
